Materials notes - properties and uses of different materials.

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                P6.2

                        MATERIALS

Materials (definition) = Substances that an object is made of

Materials are used to make many non-living things.

Eg:

Wood (chair / doll / book)

Rubber (eraser / tyre)

Metals (ornaments / metal ruler)

Leather (wallet / shoe)

Rocks (bricks)                                                More than one material can be

Glass (spectacles / mugs)                                used to make a single object

Cotton (shirt / skirt)                                        (eg: bulb ← metal + glass)

Plastic (toys / outer covering of pen)                        (eg: shoe ← rubber+metal+leather)

Copper (electric wire)

Clay (brick/ flower pots)

  • Where do we get these materials?

  1. Man made – plastic, nylon, Styrofoam
  2. Ground – rocks, glass, metals(iron/copper), sand, clay
  3. Plants – wood, cotton, rubber)
  4. Animals (leather, wool, silk

We must Reduce, Reuse & Recycle materials

  • Why must we study about materials?
  • to know their characteristics → choose the right material for the manufacturing
  • When you choose materials to make an object, you must know
  • The properties of the material
  • Uses of the object

        Some characteristics (properties) of materials:

  • Shape/size/colour/shiny/taste
  • hard / soft (texture)
  • strong / weak (strength)
  • heavy / light
  • flexible / stiff
  • sink / float in water
  • water proof
  • degree of transparency to light
  • durable (not easy to break)
  • conduct heat
  • heat resistant
  • doesn’t rust
  • malleable (easy to change shape by bending – copper)
  • magnetic/nonmagnetic
  • conduct electricity or not
  • soluability

Strength:

Key/gold > Melamine > Wood > Rubber

(gold is stronger than melamine) (wood is stronger than rubber)

Heavy:

Iron > Ceramic

Metal cube > glass cube > rubber cube > cork cube

Questions on Comparison (ascending / descending order):

        Step 1 → draw the scale & mark both ends

Step 2 → write objects with SPACE in between (to slot in)


        

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Why we use these materials?


CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS  

WHAT IS CLASSIFICATION?

Grouping of objects into sets according to one or more common properties.

HOW  DO WE CLASSIFY?

Classified using their properties (similarities/differences)

  • colour
  • flexibility
  • hardness
  • strength
  • degree of transparency to light
  • magnetic property
  • thermal property
  • electrical property
  • density
  • boiling point & melting point
  • malleable (can change shape without breaking)
  • ductile (capable of being hammered out thin)

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