Figure 8: Picture of a Beach profile
Figure 9: Diagram explaining how a beach profile is done
Pebble Analysis
Apparatus:-
The following equipments were needed to carry out the measurements:
- Callipers
- Tape measurer
- Grain size chart
- Roundness table
Figure 10: Picture of a digital calliper
Figure 11: The criterions we used to measure how round a stone was
Methodology:-
The pebble analysis was completed on one site, site 4 to be more precise. It will keep us to categorize if the rounder rocks are nearer to the shoreline or further up the beach. It will tell us how the material is sorted along the beach by longshore drift. For example big rocks such as boulders and cobbles will be deposited on the storm beach, which is at the top of the beach adjoining to bend, during storms and once the swash carries these heavy rocks up the beach, the backwash won’t be able to drag it down since the wave will lose its energy. The larger pebbles will be more concentrated in the middle because they are lighter than the boulders to be dragged down to some extent and finally the smallest pebbles will be at the bottom, the backwash will come from top to bottom drag them down.
In order to conduct the pebble analysis, we had to go to a specific location where the sediment was very well (i.e. sand). A small sample was taken at every change in angle and was analysed using a grain size chart. So the sediment was large, 10 pebbles were sampled at apposite intervals.
The smallest and largest pebbles were thrown away and the residual 10 pebbles were measured at their longest axis using a pair of callipers. The roundness of the pebble was then compared to the roundness table on the pebble analysis sheet and the results were recorded.
The three methods as mentioned above were chosen to prove if the hypothesis was correct or incorrect. They are suitable and appropriate methods of performing the conducting tests of data collection. They should provide us with substantial proof to come up with a conclusion for the hypothesis.
Hypothesis 2: “The effects of longshore drift are managed by coastal protection scheme?”
Groyne Measurements
Apparatus:-
The following equipments were needed to carry out the measurements:
- Ranging pole
- Tape measurer
Methodology:-
The groyne measurements were all accomplished in order to determine, which side of the groyne, east or west is enhanced, with protection and management. The measurements had to be completed, where the waves break on to the beach.
A total of four people were needed to absolute the conduct experiment. The first two people placed a ranging pole of the groyne so that half the ranging pole stuck out the end of either side of the groyne. Then another person measured the distance between the end of there ranging pole and the beach surface on both sides of the groyne. Finally, another person recorded the details down. This was repeated over and over again at regular intervals, up the beach. The results of the groyne measurements are tabulated and is more looked into detail on the page named ‘longshore drift measurement sheet’.
There are four types of wave’s erosion these are:
- Hydraulic action is when waves crash against cliffs trapping and compressing air and water in rock cracks. As the waves moves move back, pressure is released causing the air and water to expand. This explodes, breaking of rock fragments.
- Abrasion is when breaking waves pound rocks and pebbles against the cliffs wearing the land away in a sandpaper effect.
- Attrition is when waves smash rock fragments against each other making pebbles smoother, rounder and smaller. In tie, the particles are ground into grit and sound.
- Corrosion is when the chemicals in the sea water dissolve or rot rocks such as limestone and chalk.
Reasons for the experiments
The reason for the groyne measurements in this hypothesis is to check which side of the beach, east or west, is more protected. This is relevant to investigating the variance of the coastline management.
The beach profiles were simply basic reports of the physical characteristics of the beach in the four Sites. This is important for this hypothesis as how the beach is in different locations explains whether or not there actually is variation in the coastal protection.
The pebble analysis would show which type of pebbles and sediments were deposited in which location of the Brighton beach. This is important for this hypothesis because there are certain trends in the formation and structure of the beach material depending on what coastal management scheme is being used on it.
Intended use of data
By gathering from these data sources and putting them into charts and graphs, I can analyse and speculate how and why there may be variance along the coastline.
Hypothesis 3: “Is tourism significant for Brighton’s economy?”
Tourism Questionnaires
Apparatus:-
- Pen
- Questionnaire Sheet
- Stopwatch
Methodology:-
This is the fundamental approach in which I will find out why people come to Brighton and how long they are planning on to stay for. I will write up a questionnaire with my group and it will contain many ranges of questions that include “Where have you come from” and “What is your opinion on coastal defences, do you think they make the place look more attractive” etc. The survey will be done on 8-10 people at random I will not necessarily go to the pier; I will also go to the beach. In the pier there is almost certainly going to be a majority of younger age group therefore the beach will be mixed with different people.
Figure 12: Where the tourism questionnaire took place
Car disc survey
Apparatus:-
Methodology:-
This was completed consecutively to discover where tourists were emerging from. We used this method to see if Brighton’s economy was significant, therefore we could see from where tourists were emerging from. We obtained the data for this particular survey on Kings Road, opposite to Brighton’s coast. We collected our discoveries on the west bound.
Figure 13: Students carrying out a car disk survey
Traffic survey
Apparatus:-
- Pen
- Stopwatch
- A sheet of A4 paper
Methodology:-
This was finished in king’s road, Eastbourne and Westbourne in order to find out how many cars travelled to Brighton in a given time limit. We took out this practical method to see by how much Brighton’s roads and street are significant. Therefore to demonstrate this hypothesis we carried out this method to ensure that the hypothesis is going to be true. So to make it true we collected data by examining Kings Road for in the region of 5 minutes. There we could see how many vehicles passed through or drove through Kings Road.
Alongside this, I will also be taking extra photos, which in turn will show substantiation of Brighton as a tourist resort. Finally, I will use land-use maps of beach front to make out tourist amenities and attractions.
Reasons for the experiments
The reason for the tourism enquiry questionnaires was to learn where and how the tourists came to Brighton, why and how long.
The traffic surveys were to observe and record incoming and outgoing traffic into Brighton.
The car number plate surveys were to see where people had come from.
Intended use of data
By gathering from these data sources and putting them into charts and graphs, I can analyse and speculate how and why there may be variance along the coastline.
Groyne Measurements
Figure 14: Bar Chart showing Site 1 near Worthing
Figure 15: Bar Chart showing Site 2 near Alfred Leisure centre
Figure 16: Bar Chart showing Site 3 near West Pier
Figure 17: Bar Chart showing Site 4 near Brighton Pier
Longshore drift measurements results:
These four graphs shown right below, one of the results for hypothesis 3, the effects of longshore drift is managed by the coastal protection scheme. These four graphs show how much longshore drifts were obtained and how the coastal protection scheme managed it. This shows the results as it will look in a Line Graph:
Figure 18: Line Graph showing Site 1 near Worthing
Figure 19: Line Graph showing Site 2 near Alfred Leisure centre
Figure 20: Line Graph showing Site 3 near West Pier
Figure 21: Line Graph showing Site 4 near Brighton Pier
Pebble Analysis Recording Sheet
Figure 22: 10 pebbles showing the roundness and size which was found on the shoreline
Figure 23: 10 pebbles showing the roundness and size which was found 10m away from the shoreline
Figure 24: 10 pebbles showing the roundness and size which was found 15m away from the shoreline
Figure 25: 10 pebbles showing the roundness and size which was found 20m away from the shoreline
Figure 26: 10 pebbles showing the roundness and size which was found 25m away from the shoreline
Figure 27: 10 pebbles showing the roundness and size which was found 30m away from the shoreline
Figure 28: 10 pebbles showing the roundness and size which was found 35m away from the shoreline
Beach Profile
Figure 30: Graph showing the Beach profile results on Site 1
Figure 31: Graph showing the Beach profile results on Site 2
Figure 32: Graph showing the Beach profile results on Site 3
Figure 33: Graph showing the Beach profile results on Site 4
Figure 34: Graph showing the Beach profile results for all four sites
Description of Results
Groyne Measurements:-
The results of the groyne measurements show us that coastal protection does not be at variance in each and every one of the four sites.
For site 1 we premeditated the depth of the sediment up to 30 metres away from the groyne in directions - east and west, these results were recorded at every 5 metres. One glimpse at the results and we could without a doubt see that the side due east of the groyne was much more improved when it comes to the aspect of; protection, when we put side by side it with the west. The depth of the sand on the eastern side was constantly rising but in some rare cases it decreases. For example at 0 metres from the groyne, the depth of the sand was 95 centimetres and then it increases to 155 cm as we went further 5 metres along the beach. At 10 and 15 metres the depth decreases to 150 and 100 centimetres correspondingly, but then it rapidly increases from that point on all the way up to 30 metres. The bar chart was a better depiction of this as it shows the line, which starts at 0 and increases until the 5 metre mark. From that tip it starts to diminish, until it comes to the part where we went 15 metres due east and from there the line swiftly increases, therefore its gradient also increases with it. It was a different issue for the western side of the groyne, the results and graphs were pure indication of this particular quote. The results indicate that until we went 20 metres away from the groyne in the westerly direction there was no sand at all, this supposed that this side was hastily eroding. At 20 metres effects changed as there was a sign of sand, the sand was only 5 centimetres deep. However from then on the depth of the sand augmented rapidly, because at 25 and 30 metres the sand was 105 and 135 centimetres deep in that order.
I believe that coastal protection for site 1 remains unvarying in the eastern side – the groyne seems to avert longshore drift from eroding the place. The results were substantiation for this as they show that there was consistent protection throughout the whole of eastern side. However this protection was leading to catastrophic consequences for the western side as it was rapidly eroding.
In site 2, in close proximity to the King Alfred Leisure Centre the groyne measurements were done up to an utmost of 16 metres either way, the results were recorded at 2 metre intervals. The results designate that the sand’s depth oscillates for the eastern side of the groyne. They show that for the eastern side the depth of the sand at 0 metres starts of at 60 centimetres but then at 2 metres and 4 metres they dip to 40 and 20 centimetres respectively. Then at 6 metres the depth increases and from there the same pattern persists as the depth of the sand rises but after a few metres apart it declines again until we progressed 12 metres away from the groyne the depth just decrease from then on, but we might have seen it augment if we went just a bit further. The graph shows us that from 0 metres to 4 metres there was a very sheer decline in the line but then there was a rapid increase in the gradient and then it decreases, then it increases rapidly yet again, but finally it declines. On the other hand the state of affairs was different for the westerly side as the depth of the sediment increases up to a certain point and then starts to decline and then never rises again. The results exemplify that from 0 metres to 6 metres away from the groyne there was a 20 centimetre increase in the depth of the sand, because it starts at 120 centimetres and at 6 metres it rises to 140 centimetres, but then after that it reduces rapidly by 77 centimetres as we went a total of 16 metres away from the groyne. The bar chart shows that the depth increases slowly but surely at first but then the line drops quickly.
The results can only propose that even though the depth of the sand in the east varies it was much more protected than the west. The west was suffering from a lot of erosion as the further you move away from the groyne in that direction the more sand was being lost.
In site 3, this was to be found near the West Pier. The groyne measurements were done up to a maximum of 18 metres from the groyne in each direction at 2 metre intervals. The results signify that for the eastern side of the groyne there was more protection from longshore drift although the depth of the sand fluctuates. For instance the sand in the east was 100 centimetres deep at 0 metres then it decreases fairly promptly to 30 centimetres as we went 4 metres further. After that it increases again and then decreases to 11 centimetres at a distance of 10 metres, but then it increases again to 90 centimetres as we went further.
However, the sand on the west was quite deep at first but then as we went further along the beach the sand was getting less deep. For example the sand next to the groyne was 150 centimetres deep and at 2 metres it declined to 120 centimetres. It increased, but by only 20 centimetres at a distance of 6 metres and from that point on, it became less and less deep as you moved further down the beach.
In conclusion the east was more protected even though the deepness of the sand fluctuates but the side of the groyne was quickly eroding just like the other two sites.
The results for site 4, located near the Brighton Pier were collected at 5 metre intervals and the furthest we went from the groyne in either direction was 30 metres. They suggest that in comparison to the other three sites the side east of the groyne was better protected from longshore drift. This was because for the eastern side of the depth of the sand was similar to that of the east side of Site 1. First the sand was quite deep and it increases even though then there was a minor decline but then it keeps on escalating. For example at 10 metres the sand was 158 centimetres deep until that point it kept on increasing but then at 15 metres it declined to 100 centimetres and at long last it increased again. On the other hand there happened to be very much sand on the west because the depth of the sand was only 3 centimetres up to the point when the distance was 20 metres from the groyne because from then it increased just like in Site 1. Even though the depth of the sand was increasing as you go further along the beach in the westerly direction the results suggest that the west was eroding at a very quick rate.
In conclusion coastal protection dos not vary because the eastern of the groyne is the side which is always being protected on all off our four sites.
Beach Profile:-
The results of the beach profile of Site 1 explains that as we went 4.5 metres up the beach from the shoreline the angle of the beach was 5 degrees then as we progressed another 7.5 metres up the beach it became much steeper by 8 degrees. Finally as we climbed a further 10.5 metres the gradient of the beach became less steeper as the clinometer showed that the steepness of the beach was now 5 degrees. The results meant that the beach started of moderately steep and then became steeper but sooner or later declined. The overlay graph gives a clear explanation of this.
The beach profile of Site 2 starts of quite steep from the shoreline but then becomes flat. The results show that at 9.2 metres up the beach the angle of the beach was 6 degrees then it, greater than before increases by 7 degrees as we went further 5.1 metres. Finally as we moved another 8.5 metres and the beach declined swiftly. The overlay graph gives a clear explanation of this.
The results of Site 3 shows that we started the beach profile and walked 10 metres up the beach the angle measured was 7 degrees and as we went another 5 metres up the beach the angle dropped by a metre to 6 degrees. Then as we went another 5 metres to 20 metres up the beach the beach became less steep as the angle declined to 3 degrees, next as we progressed another 5 metres to 25 metres the beach became steep again as there was a 4 degrees increase in the angle from the preceding measurement; it was now 7 degrees. Then as we went another 10 metres to 35 metres and from there another 13 metres to 48 metres the beach became almost flat as the angle was only 1 degree at those two points. The results indicate that the beach located in Site 3 starts off as steep from the shoreline, but then becomes less steep then it inclines again and finally it becomes gentle and flat. The beach profile almost has a pattern as it goes up and then down it repeats this until it becomes completely flat as we reach the top of the beach. The overlay graph gives a clear explanation of this.
The beach profile results of Site 4 tells us that as 10 metres from the shoreline the angle of the beach was 4 degrees then as we climbed a further 5 metres to 15 metres up the beach the angle of the beach changed to 1 degree, the gradient of the beach was almost flat at that point. As we went another 5 metres up the beach gradient inclined as the beach became slightly steeper. Then as we moved another 5 metres to 25 metres the beach became to a great extent steeper as the gradient inclined by a further 6 degrees, this intended that the beach was getting steeper. At 35 metres up the beach the gradient once again it increased by another 6 degrees and then at 64 metres it decreased to 3 metres as the beach became less steep. The results were evidence that the beach on Site 4 was very steep. The overlay graph gives a clear explanation of this.
The overlay graph was a better understanding of the beach profiles. It shows the steepness of the beaches in all the sites and shows the shape of the beach.
Pebble Analysis:-
The roundness chart shows that class 1 represents the very angular stones; class 2 represents the angular stones; whilst 3 represents the sub-angular; 4 represents the sub-rounded; 5 represents the rounded and class 6 represents the well-rounded stones.
The rounded stones, which were in class 6, were principally in the middle of the beach. As the chart shows that at 0 metres there was only 1 stone in class. But nearer to 15 metres there was 3 stones and further away at 35 metres there also 1 stone. The chart illustrates that the stones were spread out on the beach and that there was a distinction in the roundness of the stones at different parts of the beach. The chart clearly indicates that there were more sub-angular and sub-rounded stones on the whole than any other class. In fact almost half (29) of the stones sampled were situated in classes 3 and 4. Also there were more stones which were in classes 4, 5 and 6, than any other three combined. This means that there were more stones in the rounded grouping than in the angular one. There were 34 stones out of the 60 sampled which were sub-rounded, rounded or well-rounded and 26 were very angular, angular or sub-angular.
Analysis of Results
Groyne Measurements:-
Site 1: Worthing
The reason why the graph and results show the western side in Site 1 was eroding be probably due to the fact that longshore drift was coming towards a north-westerly direction along the prevailing wind. The groyne was also preventing the eastern side getting eroded because as the waves hit the groyne the energy was engrossed and the beach material was being neglected and built up further along the eastern side, this could be the reason why the depth of the sand was greater as you go further along the beach in the easterly direction. Beach nourishment could be stirring in the eastern side as the and fro the west was being eroded and then dumped on the east side since it can’t further along the beach. Another reason why I think that the east was better protected was because it was probably of greater cost-effective value than the western side and the land could be of far greater importance.
Site 2: Near the King Alfred Leisure Centre
In comparison to Site 1, the west of the groyne was also eroding in Site 2. This is taking place because the east was far better protected from erosion by the groynes. Longshore drift seems to erode the west and then dump the beach material on the east and so the east has more sand and it was deeper. I think the same process was occurring in Site 2 as in Site 1. The results and the graphs show that although protection varies in paces in the east it was better guarded by the groynes. Furthermore the east again could be of grater economic value and use. Also I think that the king Alfred Leisure Centre was on the east side of the groyne therefore it needs to be protected and so the land was also in need of protection. If the east neither was not protected the Leisure Centre would be destroyed as the land surrounding would collapse, this will lead to job losses. It would need to be relocated and would cost more. In conclusion I think it would be cost-effective to protect the east.
Site 3: Near the West Pier
Likewise, in Site 3 the results along with the graph indicate that the east was more protected than the west. Again this was because longshore drift was eroding the west and then transporting and discarding the beach sediments on the east. The groyne was preventing this material from moving further long the beach and was creating a wider beach to the east. Because of the groyne the west was not getting any material dumped on it so it keeps getting eroded. Yet again I think that the land on the east of the groyne was of greater economic value because there were attractions such as the fishing museum on that side. So if the east erodes the fishing museum will have to be relocated. The loss of the museum will mean job losses and tourists. Another factor is that it would be expensive to rebuild. It would be better and cost-effective to protect the east and preserve places of attractions like the museums and its heritage.
Site 4: Near Brighton Pier
In Site 4 the situation was again similar to the other three sites as the results and the graph show that once more the west was the victim of erosion. The east was better protected because of the groyne which prevents sand from being transported away by longshore drift. I think that the east was of greater economic value because the newly made Brighton Pier was located to the east of the groyne, so preserving that part of the beach would be of the essence.
I think that coastal protection does not vary; the results and graphs were clear evidence of this. On all four sites the east side of the groyne was always the one which was protected the most. This could have numerous reasons, such as the east had greater economic value and protection it would be cost-effective. Also the construction of groynes meant that sand could not be transported to the west as the groyne prevents it and so the sand was being dumped on the east.
Beach Profile:-
The result along with the overlay graph gives us an understanding that the beaches on all four sites were steep. Also Figure 34 shows how waves damage the rocky shore. The gradient of the beach was also very steep as the graph shows. This was because during winter waves were prevalent, powerful and have the most energy when the wind was strong and has been blowing for a long-time. Friction between the waves and the sea bed slows down the bottom of the wave, however the top of the wave keeps on at the equal rate and tumbles forward against beach then these destructive waves become steeper and break up the beach and wash away the sand or beach material. The waves act as claws and dig away the beach material. This was why the beaches in four sites were steep. Some were steeper than others because in some paces sand was much deeper and the waves were more fearsome so they were able to claw away more beach material.
Figure 36: How waves damage the rocky shore
Pebble Analysis:-
The chart named ‘Pebble Analysis Recording Chart’ shows that there was no pattern, which links the roundness of the stones to how far they were from the shoreline. This could be because of the fact that waves were constantly bashing the beach and the stones were constantly being moved. Therefore the rounded and the angular stones could be anywhere on the beach, there was no pattern. The results on the other hand tell me that the larger stones were further up the beach and the smaller ones were closest to the shoreline. For example at 0 metres the sizes of the stones were 25; 24; 28; 21; 18; 10; 15; 13; 14 and 25 millimetres. This was to be considered relatively small. In comparison at 35 metres the stones were much larger as they were 45; 35; 75; 40; 51; 49; 35; 40; 50 and 32 millimetres. The reason why, was the fact that material was sorted along the beach profile by the wave energy. For instance, large stones will be at the top of the beach profile as they were larger and when they were dumped at the top by the swash, the backwash won’t have the sufficient amount of energy to bring them down. The swash will be able to put them at the top because the top of the wave will not be affected by the friction which occurs between the sea bed and the waves. Large pebbles will be in the middle as; once the swash dumps them at the top the backwash will be able to bring them down but not too much or as a result they will be in the middle. Finally, the small pebbles will be dragged down completely by the backwash as they were smaller and lighter as a result they will be nearer to the shoreline.
Surveys; Questionnaires and Photos etc:-
This hypothesis is about tourism and if it is important to Brighton’s economy. In order to test this hypothesis we were asked to do some experiments. These included such things as surveys, questionnaires and taking photos etc. of the attractions and facilities that Brighton has.
Tourism is essential to any country or city; after all it is the world’s fastest growing industry as it employs 10 per cent of the global workforce.
There are many factors for the rapid growth with tourism n Brighton and all over the world. The reason being:
- The transport systems have changed this means there are better roads, increased car ownership and also there are more planes and other aircrafts and also airports than ever before.
- Travel costs are lower therefore people are able to travel when they desire to, this is due to the fact that companies offer cheaper deals, organised package holidays and discount on fares.
- Work hours have also changed meaning that people have fewer hours to work and spend more time on their leisure activities, paid holidays and long-lasting holiday’s only means people are able to travel more and more and this increases the wage of inflation.
- The public can not resist the temptations of exotic locations, people expect at least a holiday every year.
Tourism is sometimes known as a resource-based industry as it relies on primary and secondary facilities.
Primary resources:-
Mother Nature – weather; attractive climate; landforms i.e. beaches; mountains; lakes and rain forests.
Secondary resources:-
Man made infrastructure – hotels; transport; monuments; historic sites; religious sites; heritage sites; sporting events; shopping and theme parks.
There are impacts of tourism which can be beneficial and even costly. The table below proves this:
The “tourism life cycle” in Brighton first started in the 1700’s; tourism was mainly based on coastal resorts such as Brighton, Southend and Portsmouth etc. Mass tourism however began in the 1800’s because of railway networks and easy access to resorts, but in 1950 tourism soared. However in 1970 countries like Spain, Portugal and other EU countries enticed tourists and so there is a decline in coastal resorts although some coastal resorts such as Brighton survived this ‘decline’.
That is why today it is considered to be one of the UK’s top ten destinations to visit or stay for a holiday. 8 million people come to the city-by-the-sea. It is the ideal place for tourists to visit on a hot summer’s day. It is always crowded during the summer as it is cooler because of the fact that it is by the sea. “The city never sleeps” as it has a wide range of clubs, live music venues consisting of 4 cinemas; 8 theatres and 3 casinos. It is Brighton has over 400 restaurants per head of population, this means that it is ore than any other city in the UK outside London. Tourism in Brighton generates at least £350 million of income annually. The city is very easily accessible as there are numerous motorways and railways that link to the city. An example of this is the Connex Express, the fastest ever London to Brighton rail service, which takes only 49 minutes. The map on the next page shows just how easily accessible the city is.
Car survey
Kings Road:
This pie chart shows where the ten cars involved in my car survey has arrived. The pie chart shows that 10% or 1 car in the questionnaire came from Surrey, 10% or 1 car in the questionnaire came from Glasgow, 10% or 1 car in the questionnaire came from Worcestershire, East Sussex, 10% or 1 car in the questionnaire came from East Sussex, 10% or 1 car in the questionnaire came from Shropshire, 10% or 1 car in the questionnaire came from West Sussex, 10% or 1 car in the questionnaire came from London and 20% or 2 cars in the questionnaire came from Tunbridge Wells. The pie chart splits all the data into specific sectors so that it is understandable to examine.
My discovery shows that the supreme majority of cars in my questionnaire have come from Sussex. This is a vast number and these results seem to be very conclusive because of the utter magnitude of the majority; nonetheless, I deem that there are still not adequate completed questionnaires to make a rock sufficient enough conclusion.
Questionnaire:
Ethnic origin:
This pie chart shows the different ethnic origins of the ten people who took part in my questionnaire. The pie chart shows that 30% or 3 people who took part in my questionnaire are White, 20% or 2 person who took part in my questionnaire is Black, 20% or 2 people who took part in my questionnaire is Asian and 30% or 3 people who took part in my questionnaire are European.
My discovery shows that the supreme majorities was found in the White and European region, therefore my discoveries say that most people who live/visit Brighton are White and/or European. Conversely, I do not believe that my discoveries hove too much significance over the ethnic origins of people who live/visit Brighton as I only questioned a limited amount of people and who knows maybe another day, I would have discovered something else. To find a more precise result I will have to make a larger survey, questioning people in the region of about 500 or more candidates. However, it would have been impracticable for me to conduct this many questionnaires as I had a limited amount of time to complete this hypothesis in and I needed to conduct more methods of data collection for my project.
Age:
This pie chart fundamentally shows the different age groups of the ten people who took part in my questionnaire. The pie chart shows that 10% or 1 person who took part in my questionnaire is aged between 10 – 19, 30% or 3 people who took part in my questionnaire are aged between 2 – 29, 10% or 1 person who took part in my questionnaire is aged between 30 – 39, 10% or 1 person who took part in my questionnaire is aged between 40 – 49, 10% or 1 person who took part in my questionnaire is aged between 50 – 59, 10% or 1 person who took part in my questionnaire is aged between 60 – 69, 20% or 2 people who took part in my questionnaire are aged 70 or over.
My discovery shows that the supreme majority was found in the 20 – 29 years old region; therefore my discoveries say that most people who live/visit Brighton are 20 – 29 years old. However I do not believe that my discoveries hove too much significance over the ages of people who live/visit Brighton as I have only conducted 10 questionnaires, to find a more precise result I will have to make a larger survey, including questioned people in the region of about 500 or more candidates. However, it would have been impracticable for me to conduct this many questionnaires as I had a limited amount of time to complete this hypothesis and I needed to conduct more methods of data collection for my project.
Gender:
This pie chart fundamentally shows what proportion of people who took part in my questionnaire is male and what proportion of people who took part in my questionnaire is female. The pie chart shows that 60% or 6 of the people who took part in my questionnaire are female and 40% or 4 of the people who took part in my questionnaire are male.
I do not consider that my discoveries hove too much significance over: ‘whether there are more females than male who live/visit Brighton’ as I have only conducted 10 questionnaires. To find a more precise result I will have to make a larger survey, including questioned people in the region of about 500 or more candidates. However, it would have been impossible for me to conduct this many questionnaires as I had a limited amount of time and I needed to conduct more methods of data collection for my project.
Transport:
This pie chart shows the different the different forms of transport the ten people who took part in my questionnaire have used to come to Brighton
The pie chart shows that 20% or 2 people who took part in my questionnaire are arrived by car, 10% or 1 person who took part in my questionnaire took the bus, 20% or 2 people who took part in my questionnaire took the train, 10% or 1 person who took part in my questionnaire arrived by Aeroplane and 40% or 4 people who took part in my questionnaire has classified their means of transport as ‘other’.
My discovery shows that the supreme majority was found in the ‘other’ region, the reason why the majority is in the ‘other’ region is because 4 people had travelled by foot to Brighton. This suggests that the people who said ‘other’ live in Brighton. This would then suggest that the Resident: Tourist ratio would be 4: 6.
Nonetheless, the small quantity of questionnaires completed means that there is not enough data here to make a conclusive account. To make a conclusive account I will have to produce more questionnaires so that I can get more results and can compare the similarities and differences in more depth.
There is a possibility that the above discoveries are incorrect as many poles show that 20% of the population of Brighton are over 60, and this is the universal age group that declined to take part in my questionnaires most regularly.
Emerged from:
This pie chart shows where the people have come from. It shows that 40% of the people questioned come from the UK, 0 & come from Central and South America, 20% come from Europe itself, 10& come from Australia, 10& come from North America, 0% come from Asia and 20% come from another country.
My discovery shows that many of the people come from UK, this could be because they live close-by and has heard of Brighton and its magnetism when it comes to ‘tourism’. 0% come from North America and also Central and South America, this may be because they have all the tourist attractions there comparable to Brighton and feel that there is no need to come all the way to UK in Brighton when they have their own attractions just a stone's throw away.
Nonetheless, the small quantity of questionnaires completed means that there is not enough data here to make a conclusive account. To make a conclusive account I will have to produce more questionnaires so that I can get more results and can compare the similarities and differences in more depth.
Purpose:
This pie chart shows the different purposes the ten people who took part in my questionnaire had t come to Brighton. The pie chart shows that 40% or 4 people who took part in my questionnaire came to Brighton for its entertainment, 10% or 1 person who took part in my questionnaire is came to Brighton for educational purposes, 30% or 3 people who took part in my questionnaire came to Brighton for a holiday 20% or 2 people who took part in my questionnaire has classified their purpose as ‘other’.
My discovery shows that the supreme majority was found in the entertainment region; therefore my discoveries say that most people who live/visit Brighton are here for the entertainment. Though, I do not consider that my discoveries hove too much relevance over the purposes for people to live/visit Brighton as I have only conducted 10 questionnaires, to find a more conclusive as well as precise result I will have to once again make a larger survey, questioning about 500 or more candidates. Yet, it would have been impracticable for me to conduct this many questionnaires as I had a limited amount of time and I needed to conduct more methods of data collection for my project.
Last time they visited Brighton:
This pie chart shows when the ten people who took part in my questionnaire first came to Brighton. The pie chart shows that 20% or 2 people who took part in my questionnaire are on their first visit to Brighton, 10% or 1 person who took part in my questionnaire first came to Brighton more than two years ago, 10% or 1 person who took part in my questionnaire first came to Brighton less than two years ago, 30% or 3 people who took part in my questionnaire ‘come 30% or 3 people who took part in my questionnaire has classified themselves as ‘other’.
My discovery shows that the supreme majorities was found in the ‘I come regularly’ and ‘other’ region, therefore my discoveries say that most people who live/visit Brighton visit Brighton frequently or have lived here all their life, this is because this is the only exemption to the alternatives in the questionnaire.
I consider the results to this question to be on the whole very much conclusive so far because I can make a correlation with the question about how the people I questioned travelled to Brighton; it appears that 4 people used ‘other’ means of transport and 3 people’s answer to this question suggests that they have lived here all their life, therefore 3 out of the 4 people who have said they have used ‘other’ means of transport must be a resident and must have lived in Brighton all of their lives. This still leaves out 1 person; this must mean that one person has moved to Brighton.
Nonetheless, this conclusion is based on suggestions; because a suggestion is an opinion and not a fact therefore I must completer more questionnaires if I am to gain more decisive results, maybe something in the region of about 500 or more questionnaires. However, it would have been impracticable for me to conduct this many questionnaires as I had a limited amount of time and I needed to conduct more methods of data collection for my project.
Duration of Visit:
This pie chart shows the different durations of time the 10 people who have taken part in my questionnaire have spent in Brighton. The pie chart shows that 20% or 2 people who took part in my questionnaire are on a day trip to Brighton, 20% or 2 people who took part in my questionnaire are in Brighton for 2 days to a week, 10% or 1 person who took part in my questionnaire is in Brighton for 1 to 2 weeks, 10% or 1 person who took part in my questionnaire is in for 2 weeks or more, 40% or 4 people who took part in my questionnaire has classified their duration of stay as residence.
My discovery shows that the supreme majority was found in the residence region, therefore my discoveries say that most people who are in Brighton live in Brighton.
I believe the results to this question to be most conclusive out of all of the other questions because I can make a correlation with the question about how the people I questioned travelled to Brighton and the previous question: First came to Brighton; it appears that 4 people used ‘other’ means of transport, therefore 3 out of the 4 people who have said they have used ‘other’ means of transport must be a resident and must have lived in Brighton all of their lives. This still leaves out 1 person; this must mean that one person has moved to Brighton.
From my discoveries in this question I can prove that I was correct about the Resident: Tourist ratio; that four of my candidates do in fact live in Brighton, therefore the correlation I made earlier in the commentary of the previous question is correct. This has been my most conclusive find yet; nevertheless, I believe that there are still not enough completed questionnaires to make a rock solid conclusion. I will need to complete more questionnaires if I am to make an accurate conclusion.
Companions:
This pie chart shows how many companions the ten people who took part in my questionnaire brought with them to Brighton. The pie chart shows that 30% or 3 people who took part in my questionnaire came to Brighton by themselves, 30% or 3 people who took part in my questionnaire came to Brighton with one person, 20% or 2 people who took part in my questionnaire came to Brighton with two people, 10% or 1 person who took part in my questionnaire came with three people and 10% or 1 person who took part in my questionnaire came with five or more people.
My discoveries show that the supreme majorities were that people came with one other person or by themselves. Nonetheless, I do not consider that my discoveries hove too much significance over the number of companions people bring with them to Brighton as I have only conducted 10 questionnaires, to find a more conclusive as well as accurate result I will have to once again make a larger survey, including about 500 or more candidates. However, it would have been impracticable for me to conduct this many questionnaires as I had a limited amount of time and I needed to conduct more methods of data collection for my project.
Accommodation:
This pie chart shows how what type of accommodation the ten people who took part in my questionnaire were staying in. The pie chart shows that 40% or 4 people who took part in my questionnaire are staying at their own residence, 20% or 2 people who took part in my questionnaire were staying at a B&B, 20% or 2 people who took part in my questionnaire were not staying, 10% or 1 person who took part in my questionnaire was staying in a hotel and 1 person who took part in my questionnaire was staying with friends/relatives.
My discoveries show that the majority is that people are staying at their own residence. This correlates with the discoveries. Though these results correlate with the result, I will need to complete more questionnaires if I am to gain more conclusive results.
Visit Brighton again:
This pie chart shows the different whether or not the ten people who took part in my questionnaire will return to Brighton. The pie chart shows that 80% or 8 people who took part in my questionnaire who came to Brighton will return to Brighton, 10% or 1 person who took part in my questionnaire will not return to Brighton and 10% or 1 person who took part in my questionnaire is not sure about whether or not they will return to Brighton.
My discoveries show that the supreme majority was that people would return to Brighton, therefore my discoveries say that most people who come to Brighton will return. These results are just as conclusive as the previous because of the sheer greatness of the majority; even so, I consider that there are still not adequate completed questionnaires to make a sufficient enough conclusion. I will need to complete more questionnaires if I am to make an accurate conclusion.
Main attraction:
This pie chart shows how what the ten people who took part in my questionnaire most enjoyed in Brighton. The pie chart shows that 30% or 3 people who took part in my questionnaire most enjoyed the entertainment, 20% or 2 people who took part in my questionnaire most enjoyed the culture, 20% or 2 people who took part in my questionnaire most enjoyed the food, 30% or 3 people who took part in my questionnaire most enjoyed the beach.
These results do not illustrate any clear majority, and the 4 results are all separated by 10%, therefore, to gain a clearer understanding about what people most enjoyed about Brighton I must carry out more questionnaires to eventually make a sufficient enough conclusion.
Brighton expenses:
This pie chart shows the different whether or not the ten people who took part in my questionnaire will return to Brighton. The pie chart shows that 80% or 8 people who took part in my questionnaire think Brighton is too expensive, 10% or 1 person who took part in my questionnaire thinks Brighton is not too expensive and 10% or 1 person who took part in my questionnaire is not sure about whether or not Brighton is too expensive.
My discoveries show that the supreme majority was that people do think that Brighton is too expensive.
These results are just as conclusive as the previous set because of the sheer greatness of the majority; nonetheless, I consider that there are still not enough completed questionnaires to make a sufficient enough conclusion. I will need to complete more questionnaires if I am to make an accurate conclusion.
Visit Brighton again:
This pie chart shows if the questioned people would consider visiting Brighton at least once more. It looks to me that a staggering 87% of the people who were questioned would want to. 20% of the people said they wouldn’t visit Brighton whatsoever and 0% of the people were unsure.
My discovery shows that 87% would want to visit Brighton again and this means that Brighton has succeeded to influence tourists to visit them as a well-established tourist site. Conversely, some oppose the theme that Brighton is well-known for its magnetism of tourists because they feel that this isn’t the case at extreme circumstances. 0% was unsure and this makes it odd because everyone had an extreme view from the perspective of Brighton as a tourist attraction. I consider that there are still not enough completed questionnaires to make a sufficient enough conclusion. I will need to complete more questionnaires if I am to make an accurate conclusion.
Figure 37: Map showing how Brighton can be accessed
Methodology:-
In order for us to find out if tourism is important for Brighton we had to carry out different experiments, these were:
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Questionnaires- To find out why people came to Brighton and how long they would be staying for.
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Road tax survey- To find out where tourists were coming from.
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Land use maps- Of beach front to identify tourist facilities and attractions.
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Photographs- This shows evidence of Brighton as a tourist resort.
Questionnaire:-
The questionnaire was done first, a total of ten people were surveyed. The questionnaire will include to us why tourists come to Brighton and for what reasons. A copy of the questionnaire is shown on the appendix section. The questionnaire is split into 12 questions; the results will be gathered and turned into graphs and charts to give us a better understanding. People who were in Kings Road and West Street were mainly surveyed.
Figure 38: Location of where the questionnaire was done
Road Tax Survey:-
Next the road survey was survey was carried out, for this we looked at the road tax disc and the stamps on them of 10 parked cars, doing this we were able to find out where these tourists come from – local or abroad. This was also done on Kings Road and West Street.
Traffic Survey:-
The traffic survey was also done on Kings Road and West Street; the reason being is that a road adjacent to the beach and one smaller road were surveyed for comparison. For the traffic survey two people stood on each side of the road to survey cars going in both directions. The survey was timed for 5 minutes and a tally of all vehicles on both roads was kept.
Maps:-
The land use map shows locations of tourist facilities such as the Brighton pier and the fare, also the fishing museum, hotel restaurants, theatres and the sea life centre.
Results:-
Figure 39: Showing where the origin of cars comes from
Name of Road: Kings Road (Eastbound/Westbound) Time: 5 Minutes
105 5 20 1
Name of Road: Kings Road (Eastbound/Westbound) Time: 5 Minutes
85 1 15 0
Car Survey:-
Figure 41: Pie chart showing how the car survey was divided into sectors
Questionnaire:-
- What is your ethnic origin?
Figure 42: Pie chart showing how the ethnicity was divided into sectors
- What is your age?
Figure 43: Pie chart showing how the age group was divided into sectors
- What is your gender?
Figure 44: Pie chart showing how the gender was distributed into sectors
- Method of transportation?
Figure 45: Pie chart showing how the transportation was divided into sectors
Pictogram showing the method of transportation:
Figure 46: Pictogram showing how the method of the transportation was being used via a picture
- Where have you come from?
Figure 47: Pie chart showing how an individual has emerged from
- Why did you come here?
Figure 48: Pie chart showing the purpose of why an individual has travelled here
- When was the last time you visited Brighton?
Figure 49: Pie chart showing the last time an individual has travelled here
- How long are you planning to stay here for?
Figure 50: Pie chart showing how long the individual is planning to stay in Brighton
- How many people are you in the company of?
Figure 51: Pie chart showing how an individual is being accompanied of
- What type of accommodation are you staying in?
Figure 52: Pie chart showing the type of accommodation the individual is planning to stay on
- Would you visit this place again?
Figure 53: Pie chart showing whether the individual would visit the place again
- What was your main attraction?
Figure 54: Pie chart showing what the individual enjoyed about Brighton
- Was Brighton exclusive?
Figure 55: Pie chart showing whether or not the individual found Brighton exclusive
Conclusion:-
In the evaluation of my investigation I am going to look back and explore whether or not I have carried out my investigation according to the three hypothesis’ in the ‘Introduction’, see what my limitations were and what I did well in the investigation and what I would do differently should I carry out the investigation again.
Hypothesis 1: “Does The Amount of Coastal Protection Vary along the Coastline”?
I have come to the conclusion that the amount of coastal protection in Brighton varies self-effacingly. This is due to the fact that the coastal protective means are limited to:
I believe the reason why the numbers of different protective means are limited is because there is one main protective article that provides most of the protection of the coast. This is the Sea wall. I have scrutinized that right the way through the coastline, the genuine width of the beach is limited by the occurrence of the Sea wall; the actual beach width is limited down to about 70 meters from the shoreline to the Sea wall. This could be due to the fact that the entire beach is bordered by a Sea wall is such a dependable means of defence.
Penultimately; another factor to bear in mind is that there is a Sea wall; with no reason for the existence of the groynes than to actually preserve the exquisiteness of the beach. By this I mean that by having a Sea wall the amount of protection it provides is on a scale well beyond that of the presence of the groynes. Therefore there is no relevance of the ease of use of protection from the groynes. The only other eminence the groynes offer, is that they prolong the amount of time it takes for the beach materials to leave the beach through Longshore drift, therefore the sand stays on the beach for a longer period of time, thus assembling the beach more attractive for a longer period of time.
When we explore this in the long run the sea wall, has no need to apply any other means of coastal protection along Brighton’s beach. This piece of information suggests that there is in fact no need for any other resources of coastal protection. In conclusion, I would say that the amount of coastal protection does not vary along the coastline.
Hypothesis 2: “The effects of longshore drift are managed by coastal protection scheme?”
My results show that there seems to be far more sediments on the west side of the beach than on the alternative side - east side of the beach. Therefore I believe that the effects of longshore drift are preliminary to become apparent more and more on the coasts of Brighton.
To accentuate the effect of this, periodically few weeks of truckloads of sand are deposited on the east most end of the coast. This proves there is a management scheme manipulates the effects of longshore drift. This itself proves that there is a coastal management scheme at least trying to manage the effects of longshore drift.
When you look at groynes they may seem to have little connotation on a beach suchlike, but in actual fact they play quite a deeming role in the preservation of any coastline, as well as virtually single headedly guaranteeing the endurance of a beach.
Groynes engage a vital part in maintaining the splendour of a beach, includes immense amounts of sand in between two of these articles (for example 30 meters away from each other), which would have otherwise been dragged away, along with the Longshore drift. In performing this fundamental act every time the waves rupture onto the beach, the groynes prove an essence part in managing the coastline.
In addition to the above post, as I have said previously in this section (under Hypothesis 1) groynes are in fact pretty significant in the actual maintenance of the coast; because the groynes hinder the sand to respective sectors of the beach, they ensure that there is always sand in that area. Now the sand here not only beautifies the beach, but it acts as a cushion under the waves, removing its sting, thus decreasing, to a certain extent, the force of collision on the beach.
Hypothesis 3: “Is tourism significant for Brighton’s economy?”
In my judgment this hypothesis is by far the most unproblematic to inflate on. Even without carrying out my questionnaires and the car surveys, I could have told anyone that Brighton’s economy is dependant on tourism. This is due not only to he reputation Brighton has a popular family holiday destination
In addition to the following create an even bigger picture as to how much money tourists spend in Brighton. According to my results, these 8 people have brought along another 6 companions; to socialise or tour the gargantuan tourist resort - Brighton. I have premeditated that out of these 15 people, up to 4 people could be spending their money in local B&Bs or hotels, while everyone else is sure to be spending money in local shops, restaurants, Theme parks etc.
However, the most fascinating part of the questionnaire I yet to come; in answer to the question: ‘Is Brighton too exclusive? The people who took part in my questionnaire answered as follows: 4 people said answered timidly – No, while an overwhelming 9 people alleged to say Yes. Conversely, in answer to the question of whether or not the people who took part in my questionnaire will return to Brighton. The results were as follows: 4 people said they would definitely or if they get another chance, while a single person said No as there was no activities in which they had planned to but did not take place and 1 person wasn’t sure as they were probably finding the resort not quite as they expected it to be.
This is mesmerizing because although people declared sensitivity that Brighton was too exclusive, the same number of people said that they would indeed visit Brighton again. This could be due to one issue in which I have identified in the results of my questionnaire; Where the question asks for what people most enjoyed in Brighton. The results of this question had no clear preponderance; this is because all of the selection boxes have either three or four ticks in them. This advocates that Brighton has many articles of interest to suit many individuals. This is why Brighton is so admired and why millions congregate to its beaches as an annual tradition.
Another concept is the results of my questionnaire show that the Resident: Tourist ratio is 2:3. This is a staggering figure; it means that there are more tourists in Brighton than there are residents. If this is in fact precise and true, then this would denote that tourism is generally not the most prominent concern in terms of brightens economy, and if this were to be accurate and true then the answer to he hypothesis is that it is in fact correct. The reason that this could not be sensible and accurate is due to the reason that people might be giving wrong information, which would only outcome as being wrongly concluded; because I would be examining the wrong criteria’s and would not suit the requirements of this question.
Furthermore, the subsistence of a sea wall, a dreadfully pricey object itself alleges that the reason it was built was to defend something with a unique interest, the only rational initiative that I can think of is: tourism. In comparison to my results, one of the utmost features in Brighton’ economy and a touch of the local establishment dwell on is paying back the cost of the sea wall in time.
Evaluation:-
Factors of my study that I believe went well were the actual performance of the data collection. Not only do I believe this went well but I suppose this piece of my work was also very pleasing as my teacher set me, to work with fellow piers that, collectively with the sufficient resources help me and themselves achieve accurate results.
As well as this I believe that, overall, all of the data collection went well. This is because I have not come across any major errors or any that I could not manage to overcome by myself.
If I had to re-do this investigation, the things I would do are:
- Attempt to gain a much more comprehensive and accurate set of data, for example, one thing that was holding me back with the results of my questionnaire was that I could not gain an accurate overview of statistics. This is because I have such a small number of questionnaires. Next time I must produce a lot more questionnaires (for example 50-100) so that my results are much more accurate. In addition, for the beach profiling, pebble analysis and groyne measurements; I will have to get a wider range of data by studying a lot more sites. Furthermore, for the car survey, I will enter a lot more cars so I get more results.
- In order for me to gain such comprehensive outcome, I will need to spend a lot more time in Brighton, maybe even stay over. This will have to be paid for and I am doubtful I will be able to persuade anyone to pay for these costs.
In conclusion, I believe that the yes after studying my results, the effects of Longshore drift are at least attempted to be controlled or influenced by a coastal management scheme, no, the amount of coastal management does not vary along the coastline and yes Brighton’s economy is very much dependant on tourism. Without it I believe it would wilt just like places like Cromer (Norfolk) where the local authorities cannot afford to pay for a coastal management scheme.
In addition, Brighton seems to have an aged population, with statistics such as ‘20% of the population of Brighton is over 60’ Brighton is becoming even more dependant on its visitors for survival both in the economic sense and the literal – the bottom line is, without tourism Brighton would not be able to afford a coastal management scheme and without a coastal management scheme, Brighton would, eventually cease to exist.
Groyne Measurements:-
The limitations for this method would be to:
- Make sure everything is functioning as it should regularly; I would say about 3 months.
- Reduce the number of measurements.
We could improve this method by using several tape measurers rather than the amount we had at the time and also measuring the height in either side (East and West), so we get reliable results and that it is a fair method. We could also measure the top of the groyne to see how large the groyne is and how it is stopping longshore drift from occurring.
If I were to do this method again, I would visit this location again; I would visit Brighton in about 3 months to see if whether there are any dramatic changes, for longshore drift. I would have liked to do the measuring in 1m intervals, even though we won’t get reliable results, but if we do get changes in the time of 3 months then my personal opinion would be that we might have to change the measuring to 1m intervals after all.
The problem that we have occurred is that the prevailing winds are powerful; in other terms it wasn’t as sunny as we thought it would it would be! Problem was that, it was hard being measured to the utmost correct cm. for the local residents and councillors; they should put more effort and money into the coastal management scheme by building new sustainable groynes at sites 2 and 3, such as stone groynes. By building stone groynes at these two sites need to be changed and improved, because of tourism itself.
Pebble Analysis:-
The limitations for this method would be to:
- Make sure everything is functioning as it should regularly; I would say about 3 months.
- Complete the method in another site excluding the current area.
- Reduce the number of measurements.
- Reduce the number of pebbles.
The limitations are to visit Brighton to see if there is any change. This is because we would like to see if there are any improvements, which have been made.
I would like to do the method in another place or site to see if there are problems to be solved. If we do it in another place or site we are more likely to have different issues because Brighton’s coast is a little bit unbalanced in the size of the beach.
Next, if I do the set tasks again, I would reduce the number of measurements so we can produce or illustrate graphs quickly.
Finally, I would reduce the number of pebbles to be examined, so we can compare the results with the 2004 results.
The problems we encountered were that it was hard to measure the pebbles with the metal calliper, because it was very cold and rainy. The rain got in our eyes; therefore we had difficulties in recording the data into the ‘Pebble Analysis Recording Sheet’. The ‘Pebble Analysis Recording Sheet’ was all wet as well because of the rainy weather. So all of these dilemmas could have leaded us in having human errors, but at the end of the day we finished the method, the outcome of this is that we acquired the required graphs and accomplished this method.
Beach Profile:-
The limitations for this method would be to:
- Perform the method in a different site and place next time.
- Do the method in only two sites rather than the site we worked on
I would do the method in a different place to see if it is the same as the same as the results we obtained on 2004. I would check only two sites, and then do the method on the sites only. The sites that I would prefer then the others would be 2 and 4. This is because site 2 is the same as in site 1. They are similar; we can see this in the graphs. Site 4 is the same as in site 3; therefore if we do it in 2 sites then this would only reduce the time. If we do the method and get results from the two sites, we would think that site 1 is the same as site 2, because they have comparable similarities from the 2004 results. Also if we get a result for site 4, we will know that site 3 is the same as site 4, even though we haven’t checked site 4.
The problems we discovered are that it was windy; the tape measurer was flying all over the place. We had difficulties in holding the ranging pole upright; the clinometer was quite difficult to manoeuvre.
Questionnaires; Car Disc Survey:-
The limitations for this method would be to:
- Perform the method in a different site and place next time.
- Reduce the number of incoming vehicles, by setting some requirements
- Time limit available
I would like to do the method in another place or site to see if there are problems to be solved. If we do it in another place or site we are more likely to have different issues because Brighton’s number of vehicles going out as well as coming in would differ from the motorway to a normal road etc.
During this investigation care was need to be taken as when in traffic it may turn out to have been hard to count the number of vehicles. As only the incoming vehicles were to be recorded confusion may cause incorrect results which will outcome as concluding the wrong information. This is also a human error as it was the human eye that caused it. Car disk survey was not very accurate as we had time to only question 10 tourists from which we obtained there opinion. However, 10 may not be enough to conclude a theory on therefore time was a limitation to that investigation.
Reasons for the type of graph, chart etc.
Bibliography:-
GCSE BITESIZE REVISION GUIDE
Denise Freeman
Nicola Rae
David Balderstone
The Wider World
Nelson, Published 1994 David Waugh
A Guide to Writing up Your Coursework
Geography department
Brighton and Hove Tourism Facts
Brighton and Hove
Essential GCSE Geography
Nelson Thomas Publishers 2002
Microsoft Encarta
Encyclopaedia 2002
Google Search Engine (Internet)
‘Brighton’; ‘Brighton facts’ and ‘Brighton as a tourism attraction’ etc.
Internet www.multimap.com and www.streetmap.com
‘Brighton’ ‘Kings Road’ etc.
Internet www.staruk.org.uk
Brighton information
Internet www.visitbrighton.co.uk
Brighton information