Identity today are uncertain, unsafe, unreliable, cities are shaped by violence in its streets. Indeed, poverty and violence are clearly related both are primarily dependent on the attitudes people hold towards stranger, the feeling of being strange, distance living on isolation, fearful, tension between possibilities of liberation, choice of new identities, panic of losing one's identity, being dropped by others. UK cities talk multiple languages other than one language in the past because of migration. The customs and tradition of people who migrant from Africa and Asia and other communities are not being understand to most original British people. Britain deals with them as workers and different from them, British uniformity only the past.
In the old day cities are the place which people feel they are comfortable, safe certain and leave in there home, the society live in safety and peaceful life because its reflect there feeling and defined them and they symbolize it as the quality and best place. Different facts to different countries and cities. But living in the city now different from past because you feel that you live in magical city. We live in world full of crime, drugs…etc. Children, women, elderly not feel certain, they live in uncertain, fear in their life.
In some British cities, minority group shape about 60% of population. Relationship between races are mixed in wisteria countries and it's high when migrant from Africa marriage with the white women from British they born black child, also if the white women marriage with Asian men they born child has different chrematistic, they may different in there face, noise, customs, tradition and may also uncertainty their religion. There are more Islamic religion is the fastest religion expanding in UK, and other minorities are concern and interest medicine, nursing, biological science, engineer and design science customer of the most Indian restaurant in the UK are British people, they concern them rather them building ship, trade, mining and coal. Most of the dull their origin return to India and Caribbean 78% of children from minority communities are born in British.
There are variable problem of urban collection, housing reduced, and pressure upon the green land. Firstly defect of hosing within some successful economically policy. Particular true of suitable housing, first time buyer and for lower income. That lead to increase in housing prices UK cities include the highest levels of unemployment the most intense poverty and some of the worst housing condition. Massive increase in cars fragmentation of urban society life. Person who has ordinary jobs unable to purchase house, therefore, he lack to have suitable housing. The Bethnal Green in his study suggested that some people who moved from older working-class areas of cities to new towns and overspill housing estates often found it difficult to adapt to the 'new life'. Many of the new housing development initially represented little more than mass housing dormitories, with few social amenities. Employment was often to be found some distance away, and could only be accessed at considerable costs in terms of travel. Feeling of isolation and being 'cut-off' were frequently recorded sentiments in a number of the studies of life in new housing development during this time. Young and Willmost argued that while the transition to new estates may disrupt family and kinship ties, new net works could also be established in these locations. But the idea that there was 'lack of community' on new estates and in new towns was a widespread sentiment at the time.
People, who live in Green buiter house, reject the idea which wants to turn this environment to new develop. Who live in villages don't wish to see that place which he live become part of vast and connection to urban expanding those to live or work in cities want and like to be able to moving around without any intervention. People who not live in the area of economic growth want to be able to obtain jobs beginning there.
When we bordering the cities it's suffering from lack of comfortable for common public if it were developed. The increase of population lead to greater road traffic result of it noise, emissions, smoke and pollution, landscape lost it athletically and it may also loss its society identity. Combined with reducing in few of building plots these factors would reduce existing property values. Dwellers would have vast cause for resentment. Since the 1960s a widespread sense loss of community has a risen in many urban areas, caused either by changes in the social composition on their population or by their physical redevelopment. In many cities old-established mostly working-class neighbour hoods have been bulldozed a side their former in habitants decanted into new housing estates and high-rise flats which have drawn frequent accusations of being 'soul-less' and lacking any of the 'community spirit' which is alleged to have existed among Victorian back-to-back terrce. (Leen and Newby, 1983, p.55).
In fact many people are blot from idea of disorder of urban life, and from the process that they contribute in urbanization, and to declining of population in several UK cities. More people are reject and refuse to those who pollution the environment. Which are the features of much urban position? Some people prepared them self daily to spend longer time within traffic congestion, and with the longer delay which result from public transport system and common feeling of value rability and isolation, many people were surprise, defect and uncertainty about life in the city.
There is also another factor that suffers from redevelopment of cities that are environment problems. Economic growth provides the cities within its needs of revenue, economic growth always occurring at the expense of quality of environment. In industrial and local cities, the impact of distribution of waterway minimal or no treatment, this had lead to threaten human, animal and plants. These cities still place for huge population of the urban poor, and they are prevention from benefit of economic growth water pollution and ground water depletion, solid waste pollution and hazardous wastes, air pollution in the work place and at home, loss of cultural and historical property, and land degradation many people take lands from others and settlement on it, but they are clear and exposed to the dangerous and hazards that accompany poverty and the risk and hazards resulting from economic growth fore example industrial emission and smokes. Most of cities do not exploit to provide any enjoyment and comfort.
The car has played the important role in undermining the cohesive social structure of the city. There are estimated 500 million cars in the world today. They have eroded the quality of public spaces and have encouraged suburban sprawl. Just as the elevator made the skyscraper possible, so the car has enable citizens to live a way from city centers. The car rather than industry that are now generating the largest amount of air pollution, the very same pollution that the suburban dwellers are felling.
We should reduce the use of car to reduce the volume and impact of through traffic. Congestion and pollution in the streets are drastically reduced and the sense of security and conviviality of public space is increased. The provision of good public space, the presence of natural land escape and the exploitation of new urban technologies can radically improve the quality of air and of life in the dense city. We should also diverse in our activities, rather than the grouping of similar activities, can make for more efficient use of energy.
Us name are linked and grappling with the problems. Cities are concern with housing, transportation, and jobs. We have been concern with the law enforcement, public service-school, five protections (and saving our live). Air pollution and environment concern maybe being understand as luxury reserving for the suburb.
UK is fragmented society because the labour market has been fragmented. In place of homogenous semi skilled, working class, there is a labour market of insiders and outsiders, high skill and low skill worker, permanent and temporary worker, full times and part times. The new welfare states have become fragmented, the provision become less generous, more variegated. In the past there was once a unified dominant elite culture, but now there are only fragments of many cultures.
In conclusion, there are many changes happen in the world after post war world in many fields such as societies and cities nation state of the British and other countries, which lead them to live under uncertainty and diversity in the life. I think we can solve this problem from reducing uncertainty and fear, and available safety environment, and buy to generate and control the violence to reduce fear.
References:
- DD122 course review: cities and the course themes.
- Tape number 10 side A+B.
- Note from my tutor Mona Qurtom.
- Roban. J.P (1974) soft city, London, Hamish Hamilton.
- Talor, I.(1996) "Two tables of two cities" in young R. etal (eds).
- Young, M. and Willmott,p. (1986) Family and kinship in last London, Harmond Worth, Pengain.
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www.stutistics.gov.UK.
Appendix
TABLE 1 Population change for eight large cities, 1901-88
Source: Campion and Townsend, 1990, p.161
TABLE 2 Changes in employment by sector and type of area in Great Britain, 1951-81
Free-standing Small towns
Cities and rural areas
Source: Hausner, 1987, p.7
TABLE 3 Ethnic composition of the population of Great British, 1991 (thousands of persons).
Office of Population and Census Studies.
Source: Owen, 1993
