In general terms migration refers to people moving for more than a year. Whereas circulation involves movement for a short term.
Circulation – Can be daily, (e.g. going to work)
Migration – International migration can be forced or voluntary, National migration can be to do with rural or urban.
Criteria for migration – 1) Scale, 2) Distance, 3) Direction, 4) Volume,
5) Cause, 6) Motivation, 7) Nature of the decision making process.
Human Development Index (HDI) – This is a measure of national measurement to make international comparisons, it is based on three variables. One is income per capita, adult literacy and life expectancy. The HDI is average score of the three variables. This is a fairer way of just looking at money.
Dependency Ratio – The ration of elderly (over 65 years) and young people (under 15 years) to the total adult (15-64 years) population. This shows the number of people that the working population has to support. E.g. in the UK the increasing number people over the age of 65 is a matter of concern. To stop this the government would make the age of working expectancy up to 70-75 years.
Structure – This is the make up of population in terms of sex, age, marital status, ethnicity, family size and household characteristics.
Good Websites
www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk
Assimilation – The process where by an immigrant group participates fully in the host society and loses all trace of their unique culture. E.g. Iraq or Saudi Arabia
Chain Migration – Long chain of migrants. Someone has migrated and someone finds out about it and migrates the way the other people did. Through chain migration you get distinct clusters.
Xenophobia – The fear of foreigners. Irrational fears of foreigners.
Refugee - somebody who is seeking or taking refuge, especially from war or persecution, by going to a foreign country
Remittances – Money sent back to the country of the migrant.
Range – The maximum distance people are willing to obtain a particular good or service. This would depend on the type of the good.
Threshold – The minimum number of people needed to support something.
Hierarchy – List of settlements in order of size or importance. (E.g. Hamlet, Village, Town, City)
Centrality – A measure of the relative importance of a centre in terms of a number of services it provides, and it’s accessibility.
Morphology – The shape, layout and structure i.e. of pattern land use.
Site - The area of land occupied by buildings of a settlement.
Situation – The location of a settlement in terms to access of other settlements and to resources beyond the site.
Evolution – Changes in the settlement pattern over time.