rural/urban = country/town
input/output
housing tenure/density = ownership/how many in a given area
ecosystem = area sharing common characteristics
Theme 3 - Settlement
Settlements
dispersed, linear, nuclear
Models:-
Burgess (concentric circle)
focal point CBD, newer buildings towards city boundary
Hoyt (sector model)
CBD in centre, with industrial/residential zones in segments
Harris & Ullman (more than one CBD)
Shopping Hierarchies
increased mobility - cars to wider range of shops, offering more stock
accessibility - urban roads & motorways improved
bulk buying - cheaper, shop once/twice a month (paid monthly)
space - shopping centres need space, therefore often edge-of-city locations
population movement - population moving out of urban areas
Land use changes in a city because
- ageing of parts of the city
- decline of original industry, replaced by new industry
- changes in people’s needs and expectations
- concern for the environment
Urban growth results from
- natural increase in population
- gradual growth as industry moves out and new houses built
- migration of people from the country
Urban sprawl = pressure on the countryside.
Advantages of living in city: social/cultural amenities, more and better paid jobs, more and better quality housing, better transports, better services (health care), reliable food supply.
Disadvantages of living in city: pollution, housing and urban decay, ethnic divisions, unemployment and crime, traffic congestion.
Urban & Rural Settlements
CBD (central business district) - high order centre, selling luxury & specialist goods
Secondary centres & suburban parades - middle order centre (usually several) selling convenience and specialist goods.
Corner shops - low order centre (many) selling convenience goods.
Catchment area = area around the store that it caters for, the areas from which people come from to shop at the store.
