Give reasons for the continuing lack of industrialisation in some countries and regions of the less economically developed world.

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A)        Give reasons for the continuing lack of industrialisation in some countries and regions of the less economically developed world.

Industrialisation can be defined in two ways:

An increase in production of material goods not derived from the land, measured in terms of an increased percentage of GDP from the industrial sector.

A process of technical and social change to production using advanced technology, a complex division of labour, and linkages to other types of production through the use of raw materials, skills, infrastructure and sources of energy.

Many factors are present which restrict economic development in the LEDW. These include: political instability, poverty, lack of education, and inadequate infrastructure in transport, energy supplies and public services. Any injections of funds in these countries tend to be in the form of aid, which is more likely to be used for survival than development.

Two of the biggest problems for countries in the LEDW are: that richer countries are taking advantage of poorer ones by taking their resources for a cheap price (because poorer countries need the money), and richer countries are also employing people from poor countries and paying them very little in wages. This is known as cheap labour. As a general rule, people working in LEDCs are employed in the primary working sector, and people working in this sector receive lower wages or have lower incomes than those working in other sectors. With this lack of money, countries in the LEDW will find it very hard to industrialize.

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 In some LEDCs, manufacturing industry has not progressed beyond the stages of domestic crafts and basic processing of raw materials. Having high percentages of their workforces employed in farming can identify these countries. They include many countries in sub-Saharan Africa where the preconditions needed for industrial growth don’t exist. Such preconditions can be summarized into the following physical factors: a difficult climate (hot and dry), a lack of natural resources (including iron, coal and oil), and few agricultural surpluses. The following human factors are also influences: Debt, Education, Infrastructure, Demographics, Political Organisation, and Political Will. Other countries with small ...

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