There were many causes for this population numbers, either augmentation or decrement. All of these factors can be categorised into three categories. First of all, in the social aspect. The standard of living aids in the reduction of the population. If people live a very high standard of living, then there will be areas where other individuals will not be able to receive sufficient supply of food. This will result in the reduction of population. In the aspect of religion, some of the religions may encourage to have more children to continue the generation. So, population will increase. If war occurs, then population will decrease since people will die. Politically, when the government decides that family planning is a rule to be followed, for example in Singapore, the number of children that a couple can have is limited; then the population numbers will be maintained.
Physically, there also will be a change in the population numbers. Resources play a major role in this argument. Food and energy must be enough for individuals to carry on living a fairly average life. When supply is insufficient, the number of people will decrease. Space also must be considered in monitoring the population change. In the housing aspect, if there aren’t enough dwellings for people to live in, then people will die and again, population numbers will decrease. Migration also affects the population numbers. There are two types of migration, emigration and immigration. Emigration decreases the amount since people will leave the place and immigration will increase the number since people will join the community. Another uncontrollable and unpredicted factor is natural disasters. When this occurs, population numbers will lower down.
Finally, the last category, biological aspect, is quite crucial. An increase in birth rate will ensure the augmentation of the population numbers. Birth rate, which is also known as natality, is defined as the number of births divided by the number of adults in the population. Secondly, an increase in the death rate will cause the population number to decrease drastically. Death rate, which is also called mortality, is defined as the number of deaths divided by the number of adults in the population. Fecundity also affects the population numbers. It is defined as the reproductive capacity of individuals of the female species. Finally, the age of people get married is important. If people get married at an early age, then they will tend to have more children and vice versa.
There will be many consequences of this change in the human population numbers. Again, socially there will be a few unwanted impacts. The quality of living of people will be distorted, since there will be many people living on the earth if population arises, in simple terms, over crowding. We will have to build more houses for people to stay, and a plausible way is deforestation. Secondly, the hygiene level will fall drastically. Another main problem will be the increasing number of communicable diseases, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and viral hemorrhagic fevers, for instance Ebola and Lassa.
Another major problem that we are going to be affected is pollution. There are several types of pollution. These include water pollution, industrial waste, air pollution, and as discussed earlier, deforestation. Desertification often follows deforestation, but that’s only in calamitous cases. Greenhouse effect and acid rain are constituents of air pollution. This will cause the earth to become drier and hotter, which ultimately will be troublesome to grow crops. The final consequence will be resources. Food production will be a major problem. Resources also include metals and fossils, which are non-renewable. After using these materials, there will be insufficient supply for the future generation.
When a population increases, starvation will be a major problem in that effected area. Individuals will not have sufficient supply of food. Another similar effect will be poverty. This problem will multiply to urbanisation indirectly. The rural areas will convert to urban areas. Certain unfortunate individuals will have no money to sustain life and eventually the population number will decline. Another effect is unemployment. Since there will be so many people, it will be difficult to get a job. These people, who cannot get a job will be frustrated and also can’t support their families.
