The middle of the country, like the pennines area has hardly any of the population based here, it has less than 20 people per km2 which is 2% of the population. This area however takes up alot of the Northern land area, it is around 40%.
There are many factors which help us to understand the reason for the population distribution in Northern England, these include the following, Climate, Fertile Soil, Transport, Communications and job offers (ie- employment, which will attract alot of people).
The reason for High density distribution along the coast is because with being on the coast this is a excellant way of transport, for Industry (ie, like trading, export and inport, the countrys economy), this can also be used by locals and other countrys if they want to set up businesses. So the coast is a brilliant place for Industrys to set up because it cuts down on Transport costs, therefore the company will benefit. With Industry setting up here then this will attract alo of people because there will many Job others and homes will be set up near the Industry for the workers to live. A example of this is Teeside this homes alot of important Industrys like ICI and also has a new wastewater and sludge treatment plant which can serve over a population of 3.5 million and it will also cater for other difficult industrial effluents produced my Teeside Industry, for example it already hosts for ICI.
Also the Climate on the Coast isnt as cold as it is in the middle of the country which has very altitudes. The coast has areas of relatively flat land for building unlike the middle of the country which has alot of mountain areas like the Pennines. The largest Suburban housing estate is also based in Teeside called Ingly Barwick.Other towns of High Density in this area is Tyneside and Wearside. The reason for the places of High Density like Consett, South East Northumberland and Mid Durham is because of the the traditional mining and industrial towns that declined are now diversifying and attracting new investment. This again will attract people for employment oppurtunities. And also with this area not beging ultra high density the scenery isnt as ugly (ugly meaning views of lots of Industrys), as the settlements consist of villages and small towns, this will also attract people as it is attractive. The soil is also very Fertile in these areas therefore large yields of crops will be produced to sustain the large population but also for profit.
As you move further inland the population density distribution decreases, a main reaon for this is because the land becomes less flat and more moutains occur like the Pennines. This makes it hard to build settlements and Industry. The only Industry in this area is sheep farming, because there is alot of land for the animals to shelter in bad weather. With this area being at such High altitudes this also affects the reason why people dont often live here, because the weather will be so cooled, and the high altitudes make it hard for communication to be set up. And as you can see from the picture below of the Pennines area the land is not very flat.
Areas like this that dont hold many people are places like Cheviots, Pennines and Cumbria. The only reasons that people may live here are for Farmling, Retirement or for the tourist industry as there are many attractive areas like the Lake District which attract many people from all over the world.
The soil in this area may also not be very fertile, so that the yeilds of groups are not very high. Unlike on the Coastal area where it is very populated. With the High Altitudes it is also very hard to build transport, like roads which would have very dangerous roads in the mountaind and hair pin bends which may cause alot of accidents, would be hard to build and mantain.Also building communication links like bridges would be very difficult and would probably cost a large of money to do so.
For Industry it would be hard to set up here because of a lack of flat land and the little areas of flat land are not good enough to expand on, and transport costs would be really high because the coast is far away and making railway lines and building airports is hard again because of the lack of flat land.
So the reason for the Density Distribution in North England is all down to the factors like Climate, Land Altitude, Transport, Vegetation, Siol Fertility, resources and communications. Thats why there is a distribution of population in the North of England.
