the North High Mountainous Region,
the Western Low Mountainous Region,
the Balochistan Plateau,
the Potohar Uplands,
the Punjab and
the Sindh Plains.
High Mountain Region: Stretching in the North, from east to west, are a series of high mountain ranges which separate Pakistan from China, Russia and Afghanistan. They include the Himalayas, the Karakoram and the Hindukush.
These western low mountains spread from the Swat and Chitral hills in a north-south direction (along which alexander the Great led his army in 327 B.C) and cover a large portion of the North-West Frontier Province.
Climate
Although the country is in the monsoon region, it is arid, except for the southern slopes of the Himalayas and the sub-Mountainous tract which have a rainfall from 76 to 127 cm. Balochistan is the driest part of the country with an average rainfall of 21 cm. On the southern ranges of the Himalayas, 127 cm. of precipitation takes place, while under the lee of these mountains (Gilgit and Baltistan) rainfall is hardly 16 cm. Rainfall also occurs from western cyclonic distrubances originating in the Mediterranean.
It is appreci\able in the western mountains and the immediate forelying area; hre the rainfall average ranges from 27 to 76 cm. The contribution of these western distrurbances to rainfall over the plains is about 4 cm. A large part of the precipitation in the northern mountain system is in the form of snow which feeds the rivers. The all-pervasive aridity over most of Pakistan, the predominant influence on the life and habitat of the people, coupled with the climatic rhythm, characteristic of a monsoon climate, are conducive to homogeneity of the land.
Seasons The four well-marked seasons in Pakistan are:-
(i) Cold season (December to March).
(ii) Hot season (April to June).
(iii) Monsoon season (July to September).
iv) Post-Monsoon season (October and November).
Official Name Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Father of the Nation Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Head of the State General Pervez Musharraf
Chief Executive Head of Government General Pervez Musharraf
Capital Islamabad
Area
796,095 Sq. km.
Punjab: 205,344
Sindh: 140,914
North West Frontier Province: 74,521
Balochistan: 347,190
Federally Administered Tribal Areas: 27,220
Islamabad(Capital): 906
Population 135.28 million
Ethnic composition 95% Muslims, 5% others
Per capita income US$ 460
Currency Pak Rupee
Exports Cotton, textile goods, rice, leather items carpets, sports goods, fruits, handicrafts Sea Food (Fisheries)
Imports Industrial equipment, vehicles, iron ore, petroleum, edible oil
Languages
Urdu (National language)
English (Official)
Literacy rate 38.9%
Government Parliament form
Parliamentary
It consists of two Houses i.e., the Senate (Upper House) and the National Assembly (Lower House).
The Senate is a permanent legislative body and symbolises a process of continuity in the national affairs. It consists of 87 members. The four Provincial Assemblies, Federally Administered Tribal Areas and Federal Capital form its electoral college.
The National Assembly has a total membership of 217 elected through adult suffrage (Muslim 207 and Minorities 10).
National Anthem
Approved in June, 1954
Verses Composed by: Abdul Asar Hafeez Jullundhri
Tune Composed by: Ahmed G. Chagla
Duration: 80 seconds
State Emblem The State Emblem consists of:
1. The crescent and star which is symbol of Islam
2. The shield in the centre shows four major crops
3. Wreath surrounding the shield represents cultural heritage
4. Scroll contains Quaid's motto: Unity Faith, Discipline
National Flower Jasmine
Flora Pine, Oak, Poplar, Deodar, Maple, Mulberry
Fauna The Pheasant, Leopard, Deer, Ibex, Chinkara, Black buk, Neelgai, Markhor, Marcopolo sheep, Green turtles, River & Sea fish, Crocodile, Water Fowls
Popular games Cricket, Hockey, Football
Tourist's resorts Murree, Quetta, Hunza, Ziarat, Swat, Kaghan, Chitral and Gilgit
Archaeological sites Moenjo Daro, Harappa, Taxila, Kot Diji, Mehr Garh Major Cities Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta, Rawalpindi, Hyderabad, Multan, Sialkot and Faisalabad
Agriculture Major crops are cotton, wheat, rice and sugarcane
Total cropped area 22.14 million hectares
Industry
Textiles, cement, fertiliser, steel, sugar, electric goods, shipbuilding Energy
Energy
Major sources:
Oil, Coal, Hydel, Thermal, Nuclear and Liquid Petroleum Gas
WAPDA's total installed power generating capacity: 11,246 MW
Health
Hospitals: 830
Beds: 86,921
Doctors(registered): 74,229
Dentists(registered): 2,938
Nurses(registered: 22,810
Education
Primary schools: 150,963
Middle schools: 14,595
High schools: 9,808
Arts & science colleges: 798
Professional colleges: 161
Universities: 35 (10 in Private sector)
Transport & Communication
Total length of roads: 228,206 km
Pakistan Railway network: 8,775 km
Railway stations: 781
Pakistan International Airlines: Covers 55 international and 38 domestic stations
Major Airports: 6 - Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Quetta, Peshawar and Gwadar
Seaports
International : 2 - Karachi and Bin Qasim
Domestic: 3 - Minora, Gwadar and Pasni
Communications
Post Offices: 13,419
Telephone connections: 2.47 million
Public Call Offices: 10,000
Telegraph offices: 427
Employment
Total Labour force: 37.15 million
Agriculture sector: 47%
Manufacturing & Mining sector: 10.50%
Others: 42.50%
Media
a. Print Media
Dailies: 424
Weeklies: 718
Fortnightlies: 107
Monthlies: 553
b. News Agencies
APP (official)
PPI & NNI (Pvt)
c. Electronic Media
Pakistan Television: Five TV centres at Islamabad, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta and Karachi covering 87% population
Registered TV sets: 2,823,800
Viewership: 115 million
Radio stations: Total 23, Home services in 20 languages. External services cover 70 countries in 15 languages
Private TV/Radio: Radio stations 3, TV transmitter channels 2, Private News Agencies 2
Banks
Banks Central Bank: State Bank of Pakistan
Other Banks: National Bank of Pakistan, Habib Bank Ltd., Muslim Commercial Bank Ltd., Allied Bank of Pakistan Ltd., First Woman Bank, Mehran Bank and the Bank of Punjab
Specialised Banks: Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan, Federal Bank for Co-operatives, Industrial Development Bank of Pakistan, The Punjab Provincial Co-operative Bank, Banker's Equity and National Development Finance Corporation
Famous Mountain Peaks (Mt. Godwin Austin): 8611 m (2nd in World)
Nanga Parbat : 8126 m (8th in World)
Gasherbrum-8068 m (11th in World)
Famous Mountain Passes
The Khyber Pass
The Kurram Pass
The Tochi Pass
The Gomal Pass
The Bolan Pass
The Lowari Pass
The Khunjrab Pass
The Indus 2896 km
Jhelum 825 km
Chenab 1242 km
Ravi 901 km
Sutlej 1551 km
Beas (tributary of Sutlej) 398 km
Siachin 75 km
Batura 55 km
Baltoro 62 km
Deserts
Thar: Sindh
Cholistan: Punjab
Thal: Punjab Lake s
Manchar Sindh
Keenjar Sindh
Hanna Balochistan
Saif-ul-Maluk NWFP
Satpara Northern Areas
Kachura Northern Areas
Mangla Dam Punjab
Tarbela Dam North West Frontier Province
Warsak Dam North West Frontier Province
IIUI
Introduction
The foundation of the Islamic University , Islamabad was laid on the first day of the fifteenth century Hijrah i.e.Muharram 1, 1401 (November 11,1980). This landmark of the beginning of the new Century symbolizes the aspirations and hopes of the Muslim Ummah for an Islamic renaissance. The desire to produce scholar and practitioners, imbued with Islamic Learning, character and personality, and capable to meet the economic, social, political, technological and intellectual needs of the Muslim Ummah was the reason deter of this University, the University is located around the domineering Faisal Mosque
SINDH
Jamshoro, the site of largest University residential campus in the country, situated about 18 kms. from Hyderabad on the right bank of River Indus, was a rather desolate hilly track until 1955 when it was selected for the establishment of Sindh University Campus. The site was selected to be a University township away from the humdrum of Hyderabad city which lacked room to meet the ambitious expansion programs of the University.
PESHAWAR
The University of Peshawar (UOP) was established in October 1950 by the first Prime Minister of Pakistan, with an enrollment of 129, of whom one was a female. Currently it has a residential campus spread over about a 1000 acres with a total student body of over 18,500.
b The University of Peshawar is a unique institution where educational facilities exist from nursery to Ph.D. Having demonstrated excellence in almost all disciplines, both in terms of teaching and research, the University of Peshawar has over the years attained the position of being one of the most significant universities in the East.
The Grand King Faisal Mosque
The Mosque is a symbol of international islamic brotherhood and unity. It was designed by a famous Turkish architect and was donated to Pakistan by the late King Faisal bin Abdul Aziz of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The mosque is spread over an area of 189,705 square meters and can accomodate upto about 200,000 muslims in a congregation. Built in a shape of a tent, the mosque reminds us the historic tent in which the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad(saw) had led the first-ever Jumu'ah (Friday) congregational prayer in the locality of Banu' Salim in the vicinity of Medina soon after his migration from Mecca. Faisal Mosque commemorates this first public congregation in Islamic history, which had taken place on 19 Rabi al-Awwal, 1 AH/ October 1, 622 C.E.
