Using examples, illustrate the role of multinational companies (tnc), airline companies and globalisation on the tourism industry, globally.

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Using examples, illustrate the role of multinational companies (tnc), airline companies and globalisation on the tourism industry, globally.

There are many aspects of tourism and globalisation; some are good some aren’t so good. Tourists to the developing world behave badly. They disrespect their hosts by failing to observe dress codes and other cultural norms. Moreover tourism spreads dominant Western values at the expense of proud and ancient cultures. The trade is fixed by multinational companies from the richest countries that cream off the lion's share of the profits, leaving little for local people, bar menial jobs. The plaintiffs include charities and human rights groups, communities affected by tourism and academics. Experts have pointed to the saturation of domestic markets and the opening up of markets like India and China as the two major causes of globalisation. Thanks to new communications technology, citizens of developing countries have seen and sought the industrialized world’s standard of living. This creates a dream and an aim to work for.

The global aviation industry, which was just coming out of recession, was hit hard last year on September 11th 2001 by the attack on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon in the United States. This was an unexpected attack, however it still seriously affected major companies and even sent the world into a minor recession. This terrorist attack may not fit in with any expert’s model of aviation or tourism but it still changed the face of businesses all over the world and was, in fact, very real. Experts knew a slow down was to be expected, both in global aviation and tourism sectors, as large-scale cancellations of air and hotel bookings were reported hours after the crashes. E.g. ‘Brookland’s Princess Hotel’ in New York, which has over a thousand rooms, reported immediate cancellations from Central Asia of 95 per cent, 83 per cent British cancelled their stay, the few left were highly important business men and women doing company jobs.

The September 11 terror attacks in the United States and subsequent events have had a profound impact on worldwide air traffic, with destructive consequences on individual airlines, to the extent that the stability and sustainability of the international air transport system is at stake, having knock on effects to countries tourism industry.

 A very quiet American airport.

Meanwhile, tour operators were incredibly disappointed that just when the season was picking up with students rushing from their Universities and homelands to the party places of the U.S. and Canada, this tragedy happened. The chairman of Pearl Aviation and Tours, Mr. Kishen Seth, said already there had been heavy cancellations and queries pouring in. ``It is clear that in the days to come, only need-based travel will take place to the United States. Moreover passengers will now shift from the U.S. airlines, such as ‘American Airways’, to other, less well-known airlines. The effects of this attack has been catastrophic to the aviation and tourism industry.'' The president of the ASSOCHAM Expert Committee on Aviation and Tourism said his company had reported cancellations up to 24 per cent in a day in tour bookings to the U.K. and the USA. Now the aviation and tourism industry has slipped into recession again.'' Meanwhile, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) has asked all its member airlines to tighten security, in order to reduce people’s fear of being hi-jacked in mid-flight and to search out any real terrorists.

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  Many American Airliners have been grounded through lack of                ’                             passengers wanting to fly or go on holiday.

Table 1.5. International tourism receipts by ...

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