Four to six months
Physical development
Gross motor skills
The baby starts to use a palmer grasp and can move objects from hand to hand, the baby becomes engrossed in all activity, the baby puts all things in his or her mouth, the baby moves his head around to follow people and things.
Fine motor skills
The baby can sit with support from the mother and has good head control, the baby rolls over from back to side and is beginning to reach for objects, when suphine the baby plays with her feet, the baby’s head is held up when put into the sitting position
Four to six months
Communication and language development
The baby gets more knowledgeable with others so he gives expressive ideas more and more, the baby does impressions of sounds he or she can hear and the baby uses vowels, consonants and syllable sounds, the baby begins to laugh and squeal
Intellectual Development
The baby reaches for objects, the baby prefers more complicated objects to look at, the baby know that he or she has one mother, the baby picks up a rattle in his or her hand, the baby has different tastes in food that he preference for.
Emotional and social development
The baby shows faith and safety, the baby has good sleep patterns
Six to nine months
Physical Development
Gross motor skills
The baby can roll from front to back the baby puts his or her feet in mouth, the baby can sit without support; the baby might stand or walk unsupported
Fine motor skills
The baby is very alert to people and objects, the baby can wrap his hand around a crayon
Communication and language development
The baby raises their arms to signal that it wants to be lifted up, the baby says sounds after they are heard.
Intellectual Development
The baby knows when things are going to happen. The baby knows that when an object is hidden it is still there, and the baby thinks that objects that move are amazing.
Emotional and social Development
The baby can feed himself, the baby is scared of strangers, the baby might give toys to others, the baby gets upset when the mother leaves. The baby begins to crawl and can do more activates. The baby is more knowledgeable with peoples feeling, if his or her sitter laughs then they laugh too
Nine to twelve weeks
Physical Development
Gross motor skills
The baby will move more, the baby can sit on his or her own, the baby may move up and down to music
Fine motor skills
The baby’s pincer grasp is more developed. The baby pokes things , the baby throws its toys, the baby can use spoons and can pick up foods with his or her fingers easily.
Communication and language development
The baby does what the mother tells him to do, the baby begins to slightly speak words, and the babble develops into a jargon.
Intellectual Development
The baby can remember the past, the baby can predict the future, the bbay gives impressions of actions sounds and gestures and moods after something has happened
Emotional and Social Development
The baby likes songs, the baby can hold a cup with help, the baby will play alone for long amounts of time, the baby shows dislikes and likes at eating times, the baby loves peek a boo games, the baby will copy other peoples gestures, the baby like getting dressed.
One to two years
Physical development
Gross motor skills
At 15 months
The baby walks unsupported alone, the baby can walk upstairs by his or herself, the baby can stand and keel down without support.
Fine motor skills
The baby can put some bricks ontop of each other, the baby can hold a pen, the baby pints to objects he wants, the baby like to use one hand more thn the other.
At 18 months
Gross motor skills
The child walks well and can stop without falling down, the child can keel, squat, climb and carry things, the child can come downstairs on his or her tummy.
Fine motor skills
The child can thread large beads, the child can build a tower of bricks, the child scribbles on paper
Communication and language development
The child begins to talk and by 18 months the child enjoys to sing and listen to songs, the child enjoys picture books. The child uses his arms to express that he wants more, gestures develop with words.
Intellectual development
The child knows what objects are called and can follow simple instructions, the child acts out things in real life using toys, the child talks to himself while playing.
Emotional and social development
The child can remember more things, the child knows his own self, the child expresses his or her needs in words or gestures, the child likes walking alone and is enthusiastic to get dressed.
From two years
Physical development
Gross motor skills
The child moves about a lot safely, the child can climb onto things, the child can walk up and downstairs with two feet to a step, the child might be able to kick a ball but wont be able to catch a ball yet
Fine motor skills
The child can draw circles, lines and dots with the hand it likes to use best, the child can pick up very small objects using a fine pincer grasp, the child can build a tower of six or more bricks and can stay concentrated at this activity for a longer period of time.
Communication and language development
The child is becoming more able to speak there language, the child talks about objects that aren’t there , they begin to use phrases, they name things and what they do, they follow instructions and questions e.g. could you bring me the teddy? The child wants to share songs rhymes.
Intellectual development
The child has a longer memory, the child understands cause and effect,
Emotional and social development
The child tends to act without thought and is interested about the environment, when adults stimulate ideas, the child gets frustrated when unable to express how he or she is feeling, the child can dress and use the toilet by himself, and the child begins to play with other children.
Three years
Physical development
Gross motor skills
The child can jump from a step that’s not very high, the child can walk backwards and sideways, the child can stand on one foot and on tiptoe, the child can ride a bike with pedal, the child can walk upstairs with one foot on each step
Gross motor skills
The child can build a big tower of bricks, the child uses the dynamic tripod grasp, the child paints with a large paintbrush , the child can use scissors to cut paper, the child can copy shapes such as a circle.
Communication language development
The child begins to use pronouns, plurals, adjectives, possessives, time words, tenses and sentences, the child may stutter and become frustrated when can’t say a word.
Intellectual development
The child takes part in games, the child presents an image of an event through a drawing, the child becomes more amazed by cause and effect, the child knows lots of colours such as yellow, blue red and pink.
Emotional and social development
The child knows the difference between male and female, the child wants to make friends, the child begins to discuss, give and take through investigation with feeling powerful, having a sense of control, and through arguing with other children. The child’s imagination becomes more developed and he or she is easily scared.
Four years
Physical development
Gross motor skills
The child can balance standing up, the child enjoys climbing play park frames, the child can kick catch and throw and bounce a ball, and the child can run up and down stairs.
Fine motor Skills
The child draws a head and legs of someone on paper, the child can thread small beads on string.
Communication and language development
The child asks why, when and how and how questions as he or she becomes more amazed by cause and effect, past present and future tenses are used more often, the child’s pronunciation of words becomes more precise and starts to use grammar
Intellectual development
The child can count up to twenty, the child knows and writes his or her own name, the child can think in the past and think about the future more often, the child can slightly think about other people’s ideas, the child loves playing music and singing and dancing.
Emotional and social development
The child is liberated and is very much self-willed, the child shows a sense of humour, the child can wash and dry his or her hands and brush his or her teeth.
From five to eight years
Physical development
Gross motor skills
From five years
The child can use many different play gear, the can hop and run on tip toes, the child can skip.
Fine motor skills
The child can thread a large eyed needle and sew large stiches, the child can draw a face, the child has a good pincer grasp and can copy shapes.
Six and seven years
The child has greater physical nimbleness, muscle co-ordination and balance, the child can jump off apparatus.
Fine motor skills
The child can make a tall tower of bricks, the child can draw a detailed person, the child can write letters of alphabet, the child can catch a ball thrown from one metre.
Communication and language development
The child uses adverbs, the child talks in a more assured manner and more fluently, the child knows that stories have a plot.
Intellectual development
Communication through body language, facial gestures and language is well organized, the child draws things in more detail, the child becomes motor co-ordinated and understands concepts of matter, length, measurement, distance, area, time, volume ,capacity and weight, the child enjoys singing songs and counting, the child helps teach younger children how to play, the child speaks in different tones of voice to act out different characters in pretend play, The child start to get to know what’s real and what’s imagined, but this is not always fixed so the child can easily get scared by supernatural characters.
Emotional and social development
The child has a strong sense of perception of himself, the child can hide their feelings once they begin to control them, the child can anticipate other people’s emotions of others.
From eight to eleven years
Physical Development
Gross motor skills
From eight to nine years
The child can ride a bicycle easily, the child has more muscle coordination, and he or she plays active sports games
From ten to eleven years
Girls experience puberty as much as two years ahead of boys, the child’s body is becoming more adult like
Fine motor skills
The child has good control over his fine motor muscles, and has good writing and drawing skills,the child can draw people with details of clothing and facial features,, the child is beginning to do joined up handwriting, the child starts to do more fiddly tasks like needlework.
Communication and language development
From eight to nine years
The child uses more complicated sentences, the child talks more and looks at more hard books.
From ten to eleven years
The child can write quite long essays, the child writes stories from their imagination, and use their grammar correctly.
Intellectual development
From eight to nine years
The child can remember things more and has better attention and to speak and express themselves, the child can plan ahead and can assess what they do, the child understands with abstract ideas, the child plays games with rules and joins clubs.
From ten to eleven years
The child beings to understand to purpose for peoples actions, the child can focus on activities for longer periods, the child may be interested about drugs, alcohol and tobacco, the child may show good skills in writing, maths, art and music.
Emotional and social development
From eight or nine years old
They child may become discouraged easily, the child takes pride in their ability, the child is beginning to see things from other peoples point of view, but still has trouble understanding the feelings and needs of other people.
At eleven or twelve years old
The child may experience sudden emotional changes associated with puberty , the child tends to be especially sensitive to criticism, the child surrenders to peer pressure and wants to talk dress and act like his or her friends.
From twelve to 19 years
Physical development
From twelve to sixteen years
Physical development during adolescence is known as puberty. Girls tend to be 2 years ahead of boys in the physical development. In their teens, children put on an amazing growth spurt to reach their final adult height. At their fastest, boys can grow taller by as much as 9cm a year and girls at a rate of 8cm a year. Teenagers can start to feel clumsy as their body is shooting up at a speed their brain simply cannot keep up with.
Next, arms and legs grow longer, and even here the 'outside-in' rule applies. The shin bones lengthen before the thigh, and the forearm before the upper arm.
Finally the spine grows. The very last expansion is a broadening of the chest and shoulders in boys, and a widening of the hips and pelvis in girls.
Girls and boys start to develop pubic hair and facial hair and deepened voices for makes, and breasts and widened hips for females.
Girls start to menstruate and boy’s penis and testicals grow and the body produces sperm. Girl’s breasts start to develop and the nipples start to stick out from the chest, fat happens on the buttocks and thighs the waist gets smaller and the body develops a more curved shape. In males their muscles start to develop and their shoulder become more broader and neck becomes more muscular, chest hair may start to appear or later on during puberty, erections start to occur and sperm develops in the testicles. For both boys and girls start to sweat in response ti stress, emotion and sexual excitement. The skins oil secreting glands become over active and can cause outbreaks of spots and oily skin.
Communication and language development
From 12 to 19 years
They start to become more independent and join clubs and go to school with their friends. They have fast, clear and easy to read handwriting, the young person talks in an adult like manner with more maturity, they start to comprehend abstract language, they start to understand punctuation.
Intellectual Development
From 12 to 19 years
Young people start to think less concretely and into a more adult abstract way of thinking. Piaget called this the formal operational stage of intellectual development: this includes: thinking more about possibilities, they start to think more ahead, they start to test ad make hypotheses and to think about situations that are opposite to the fact., they start to have knowledge about their memory processes for example being able to explain what plan of action you use when trying to remember things, they start to think about matters that normally human beings have such as morality, religion and politics., they start to use their imagination when solving problems.
Emotional and social development
The young person may become anxious and self-conscious about the physical growth like being too fat or too tall, the young person starts to know about his sexuality, the young person can have mood swings , they can become moody, the young person wants to become more involved with friends and be less around his or her parents for emotional support.
Moral development
The first year
They have a sense of self and value people, who are loved by them,
One to three years
They have a strongly developed moral sense. They know what hurts and upsets the people close to them, and they know what they love and don’t like. When doing pretend play and through hearing others talking to them about how people behave , upset and be comforting to each other, the start to learn about how people feel.
Three to eight years
Through the care and support of their family and key persons, and friends, children become more helpful and fair, they know what’s right and wrong, and know it’s not right to hurt someone emotionally by saying mean things.
Eight to eleven years
By now children carry on thinking that adult rules must be abided by and respected. They know the difference between fantasy and reality. By ten or eleven years they understand that some rules can be changed by agreement, they begin to argue with the parents more, justice, right and wrong, good versus evil, beauty and nature, these concepts become more abstract.
Twelve to nineteen years
They start to think more about other people more and understand people’s feelings and pint of view, they start to challenge their parents and carers with their own ideas and values.