2a) Keyhole surgery is the term used to describe particular surgical procedures using a tool which is a wire inserted into the body with a camera on the end to see inside of the body. It also includes various tools to perform procedures which are easier to perform with this tool that for surgeons to carry out the task. The image would be sent back to a computer which would then display the image on the screen so doctors and surgeons can see inside the patient’s body and what is wrong or what might be wrong.
b) Advantages of using keyhole surgery is that the image which the wire is going along the body would be displayed on a computer screen so doctors or surgeons could see where the wire is and what is going on inside the body. Other advantages might be that this tool could avoid the need for major surgery if successful. It also leaves the patient with minimal scaring as the wire only needs a small incision to be entered into the body. It can also be carried out by a local anaesthetic.
3) Computers are used in body scanners to diagnose and then treat patients by controlling various different equipment such as X rays which are used to show body bones to detect possible brakes or fractures and CAT scans which the equipment takes various different images of the body and then uses the computer to show a doctor or patient what looks like a 3D image or approach to the body by piecing together the different images in the correct order. Once the problem has been diagnosed the doctor or surgeon can then decide on an appropriate solution to heal the patient.
4a) an expert system is a large knowledge base designed for doctors, nurses, surgeons and trainees which includes a database of information of various diseases, symptoms and cases which doctors and other medical personnel need to know. It contains information about what patients have and information about the virus and it also features a Q&A (Questions And Answers) section in which doctors can tell the system what symptoms people are suffering from and then the computer will give out information about what it thinks is the most suitable disease or virus or case relating to what was entered and will give the next best and other possible cases.
b) The expert system could help doctors and those training to become doctors as they could find out about all the different types of viruses and diseases which are needed to become a doctor and they could then find out what symptoms lead to what problems by using the Questions and answers area of the expert system to find out the relevant information.
c) Concerns might be raised by the staff of the health centre before the decision was made such as people thinking that they will know what is wrong with them and then not going to the doctor because the machine told them what it thinks is wrong with them. Whilst this may be an advantage to free up the doctor’s time to focus on other patients the person might enter in the wrong details and then the computer would come up with a different diagnostic which isn’t right for the patient. Also they might enter wrong details and then they might receive the wrong advice which could lead to serious health problems or they might think something is wrong with them when there isn’t or the wrong type of illness.
5) Managing appointments, records and prescriptions: By the receptionist they would use the computer to book appointments for patients to see doctors into the computer. The doctor could then access the patient’s health records, medicine records and prescriptions and judge suitable treatment. The computer by authorisation of the doctor could then issue a prescription to the patient to get better should then need one. The doctor can also view appointments which have been made by the receptionist. The receptionist also when making the book could also search for specific doctors and time slots of the patient’s choice when making an appointment.. Also through the authorisation of the doctor the computer could also issue repeat prescriptions for patients.
Organ transplants: For the patient a person of medical authority could enter the person in onto the computer in a list of people to have an organ transplant. The computer could also analyse and assign patients to specific organs in relation to what they need and also depending on other specific EG same blood type and also if they are in the area and are able to get to where the operation would take place. Once the computer had found a matching pair of organs for the patient the patient could then be informed of the transplant.
