The National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly funded healthcare system in England. The NHS provides healthcare to anyone normally resident in the UK with most services free at the point of use for the patient though there are charges associated with eye tests, dental care, prescriptions, and many aspects of personal care.The NHS provides the majority of healthcare in England, including primary care, in-patient care, long-term healthcare, ophthalmology and dentistry. The National Health Service Act 1946 came into effect on 5 July 1948. Private health care has continued parallel to the NHS, paid for largely by private insurance, but it is used by less than 8% of the population, and generally as a top-up to NHS services. Recently the private sector has been increasingly used to increase NHS capacity despite a large proportion of the public opposing such involvement.
National service framework for children/young people and maternity service
The National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services (Children’s National Service Framework) is a 10 year programme intended to stimulate long-term and sustained improvement in children’s health. It aims to ensure fair, high quality and integrated health and social care from pregnancy, right through to adulthood. Experience before birth and in early life has a significant impact on the life chances of each individual: improving the health and welfare of parents and children is the surest way to a healthier nation.
The Children’s National Service Framework is a fundamental change in thinking about health and social care services. It is intended to lead to a cultural shift, resulting in services which are designed and delivered around the needs of children and families using those services, not around the needs of organisations. The Children’s National Service Framework is aimed at everyone who comes into contact with, or delivers services to children and young people. There are six types of standards that is put into practice.
Standard 1-The health and well-being of all children and young people is promoted and delivered through a co-ordinated programme of action, including prevention and early intervention wherever possible, to ensure long term gain, led by the NHS in partnership with local authorities.
Standard 2-Parents and carers are enabled to receive the information, services and support which will help them to care for their children and equip them with the skills they need to ensure that their children have optimum life chances and are healthy and safe.
Standard 3-Children and young people and families receive high quality services which are co-ordinated around their individual and family needs and take account of their views.
Standard 4-All young people have access to age-appropriate services which are responsive to their specific needs as they grow into adulthood.
Standard 5-All agencies work to prevent children suffering harm and to promote their
welfare, provide them with the services they require to address their identified needs and safeguard children who are being or who are likely to be harmed.
Standard 6-All children and young people who are ill, or thought to be ill, or injured will have timely access to appropriate advice and to effective services which address their health, social, educational and emotional needs throughout the period of their illness.
Local Government
Integrated Service
The Principles of Integrated Service Transformation
The NHS Integrated Service Improvement Programme, also known as ISIP, was established to support a set of key principles in support of sustainable service transformation by Focusing on the whole care continuum from prevention through treatment to review and rehabilitation. The other key principles are;
- Cross-community collaboration
- Complex, sustainable transformation to care delivery for, say, urgent care or long term conditions, or elective care closer to the patient, requires collaboration across care communities
- Benefits-led change
A disciplined approach is needed to clarify the quality of care and financial benefits that transformed services will deliver benefits for patients, staff and the local health economy
Integration of change such as technology that is used such as x-ray.
Children's Services
The Children's Services Department has been formed from the Education and Social Services Departments to ensure that the Every Child Matters and the Children Act 2004 is implemented effectively in the services for children and young people.The five main outcomes for children from the act are:
- Being healthy by promoting healthy choices
- Staying safe by providing safe homes and stability
- Enjoying and achieving by supporting learning
- Making a positive contribution in your community by promoting positive behaviour
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Achieving economic well being by being economically active
Children's Centres
Sure Start Children’s Centres are at the heart of the Government’s Every Child Matters: Change for Children Programme. They are a key vehicle for providing services that families need. By 2010 there will be 3,500 – one for every community. Children’s centres will play a central role in improving outcomes for all young children, and in reducing the inequalities in outcomes between the most disadvantaged children and the rest.
Although they need to reflect different local needs, in all areas they will be a central part of a Local Authority’s provision for young children and their families.Sure Start Children’s Centres are places where children under 5 years old and their families can receive seamless holistic integrated services and information, and where they can access help from multi-disciplinary teams of professionals.
Sure Start programmes
Sure Start is a government programme which aims to achieve better outcomes for children, parents and communities by increasing the availability of childcare for all children such as improving health and emotional development for young children. It is also aim to supporting parents as parents and in their aspirations towards employment. helping services development in disadvantaged areas alongside financial help for parents to afford childcare. rolling out the principles driving the Sure Start approach to all services for children and parents. The policies and programmes of Sure Start apply in England only. Responsibility for early education and childcare in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland rests with the separate devolved administrations.
Nursery provision
The revised 'Code of Practice on the Provision of Free Nursery Education Places for Three- and Four-Year-Olds' is now available to download from the Sure Start website (http://www.surestart.gov.uk/publications/index.cfm?document=816). Copies are being distributed to local authorities and early years providers. The new Code comes into force from 1 April 2006. From that date, in line with the commitments in the ten-year strategy, the minimum free entitlement for three- and four-year-olds of 12.5 hours a week will be extended from 33 to 38 weeks. The aim of this is to create a level playing field for maintained and non-maintained providers by ensuring that parents receive the same basic offer regardless of their child's situation.
Extended schools
Schools located at the heart of the community are well placed to take up the challenge of making Every Child Matters a reality for children, young people and communities.
This is to set out a core offer of services that all children should be able to access through schools by 2010.The offer includes:
- A varied range of activities including study support, sport and music clubs, combined with childcare in primary schools
- Parenting and family support
- Swift and easy access to targeted and specialist services
- Community access to facilities including adult and family learning, ICT and sports grounds
- Schools will need to work closely with parents, children and others to shape these activities around the needs of their community and may choose to provide extra services in response to demand.
Early Years’ Foundation Stage
This organisation aim is that every child deserves the best possible start in life and support to fulfill their potential. Early years has a major impact on their future life chances. A secure, safe and happy childhood is important in its own right, and it provides the foundation for children to make the most of their abilities and talents as they grow up. When parents choose to use early years services they want to know that provision will keep their children safe and help them to learn.
The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) is the framework that provides that assurance. The overarching aim of the EYFS is to help young children achieve the five Every Child Matters outcomes of staying safe, being healthy, enjoying and achieving, making a positive contribution, and achieving economic well-being by:
- Setting the standards for the learning, development and care young children should experience when they are attending a setting outside their family home, ensuring that every child makes progress and that no child gets left behind;
- Providing for equality of opportunity and anti-discriminatory practice and ensuring that every child is included and not disadvantaged because of ethnicity, culture or religion, home language, family background, learning difficulties or disabilities, gender or ability;
- Creating the framework for partnership working between parents and professionals, and between all the settings that the child attends;
- Improving quality and consistency in the early years sector through a universal set of standards which apply to all settings, ending the distinction between care and learning in the existing frameworks, and providing the basis for the inspection and regulation regime;
- Laying a secure foundation for future learning through learning and development that is planned around the individual needs and interests of the child, and informed by the use of ongoing observational assessment.
Connexion partnership
Connexion is part of partnerships and a practitioner which is duty is to provide the Connexions Service to young people. This is the following of the publication of and . Connexion is now currently going through a procedure of change the policies and children's trusts are being established in each local authority area.
Voluntary sector
Pre-School Provision
Pre-School Provision for Children from birth to five year old with additional needs or either has disabilities. They can offers part-time class based provision, incorporating specialist teaching and multi-agency support to children with a wide range of special needs such as being dyslexic or autism this would be funded by the Children and Young People Department. Areas that have Special Educational Needs Co-ordinators (SENCOs) and Education Team can provide support, training and practical advice on SEN issues to Early Years SENCOs and other staff in Early Years and childcare settings.
Private provider
National Day Nurseries Association is a national charity which aims to enhance the development and education of children in their early years, through the provision of support services to members.
NDNA is dedicated to the provision, support and promotion of high-quality care and education for the benefit of children, families and communities.
There are a total of 725,115 nursery places available in the UK
There are 15,605 nurseries in the UK
NDNA’s National Early Years Enterprise Centre
The National Early Years Enterprise Centre, which is based in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire will support the childcare sector through professional and business development. It will promote quality in early years by supporting the development of a skilled workforce and the sustainability of childcare businesses.
Find out more information on the National Early Years Enterprise Centre and the services available.
Young offenders
A local authority secure children's home
A local authority secure children's home (LASCH) is a children's home, run and managed by local authorities, which is secure in so that the young person is not able to leave. They hold between 6 and 36 young people, both male and female, who are under 16 years old.
Local authority secure children's homes (LASCHs) replaced local authority secure units (LASUs).
Young offender institutions
Young offender institutions (YOIs) are a secure facility which is like a prison that accommodates 15-20-year-olds who have been committed to custody (ie sentenced or remanded) by the courts. The aim of this is to set out in the Young Offender Institution Rules 2002, is to help offenders prepare for their return to the outside community. However they still have a criminal record and there can be visit just to see if things are in order. One of its key objectives is to protect the public by reducing the risks of prisoners reoffending.
The Youth Justice Board is responsible for all under-18s in the criminal justice system. It commissions and purchases all places in YOIs for under-18s. It does this within the principal aim of the youth justice system: "to prevent offending by young people" (this statutory aim was established by Crime and Disorder Act 1998, which also placed for the first time a duty on all agencies working within the youth justice system to have regard to that aim).The rules define the aim of a YOI as being to help offenders prepare for their return to the outside community. This aim is to be achieved, in particular, by the provision of a programme of activities, including;
- Education
- Training
- Work designed to assist offenders to acquire
- Develop personal responsibility
- Self-discipline
- Physical fitness
- Interests
- Skills
- To obtain suitable employment after release
- Fostering links between the offender and the outside community
- Cooperating with services responsible for the offender's supervision after release
The one that I looked at was education and training this is because the rules are extensive; they cover issues such as communications, visiting arrangements, sleeping accommodation, exercise and discipline, for example. There are also rules governing education, training and work. These require provision to be made for the education of inmates through programmers of class teaching or private study within the normal working week, as well as evenings and weekends where practicable. Young people of compulsory school age should receive at least 15 hours education within the normal working week. Training courses should foster personal responsibility and a young person's interests and skills, as well as improve their chances of obtaining employment after release. Work should help inmates prepare for their return to the community.
Job-Roles
What types of provision are there?
There are many types of provision in a health and social care setting which is listed and described, this is also including the following job role which are in that area of the specific provision.
What is a private care?
Private care is where the service user funds for their own care as they might not wish to wait on the NHS list on medical for example; dental care and surgery which can be vital depending on the age and the circumstances.
What is statutory care?
Statutory care involves a lot of preparation in care which can be either in the private which is controlled by statute as it is regulated or imposed by statute
What is voluntary care?
Voluntary care is free care as service provider is in voluntary sector which is funded by the local authority and the national lottery trust. It is not part of government scheme and not part of statutory provision, for example of social services, and usually maintained at least in part by private charitable donations rather than by government or other official support. Many organizations in the UK voluntary sector receive state funding.
What is the purpose of each of the job roles function in the care of looking after children and young people?
Director of children’s services
Every local authority in the country needed to chose a Director of Children’s Services when legislation was renewed which was the Children Act 2004. A Director of Children’s Services have a main duty to put across the education, health can social service programmers that is within the authority. As they are responsible for services being integrated it would need to be developed. As it fail in 2002 in a horrific incident were Victoria Climbie was abused and been murdered and the services were to blame as well as the two family members. The NHS and social services and the police did not exchange information that could have saved her life. The purpose of this is that the director of Children’s Services can give training to trained and qualified professional service providers such as interacting with other types of organisation that are in the same type of sector .
Social workers
Social worker is trained and also qualified their role is to support the families with children who present problems and difficulties in a wide range of areas such as education and health problems. Social workers try and often work in a multi-disciplinary team to provide a comprehensive support framework. They have the responsibility to inform the children welfare officer and the police in case of child abuse, as they are trained to learn about child protection.
Foster parents
Foster parents accept children and young people into their home and provide family care for the individual who can meet their needs such as food, shelter and clothes. The care that the foster parents offered may be emergency care where immediate help is required. They work closely with the social service departments in providing secure and reliable care for either short term or long term which is depend on the situation.
Support workers
Support worker may work alongside social and other workers which can provide a greater level of support that can be given to families that require it the most such as helping the children with education and health. The support worker might liaise with other agencies and assist the family unit in a variety of ways.
Residential care staff
Residential care staff provides full-time care for children and young peoples, as it is in a residential care homes. Many of the children and young people that are present in the setting tend to have a complex and different need which needs to be met. However the residential care staff needs to be versatile and flexible in approach to the differing situations in case thing is misinterpreted.
Tutors
Tutors and teachers in educational setting are involved in teaching as well as integrate with each other. however they also have extra responsibilities for the general care and well-being of the child for example if the child was not eating properly or behaving different it needs to be taken in an account, they may provide extra support where requires as well as information about a range of children’s services and support groups that is available. Tutors can also be a valuable link between agencies such as Connexion which can help the young person have an experience that they never thought they could do and can assist with career and training choices that are available.
Lecturers
Lectures will be involved in the education of young people in further and higher education like college and university. The government agenda have thought that working with 14 year old pupil, many colleges are providing courses and training for students at that age and also who are younger than those traditionally involved in college education. The lecturer will be an expert in a particular field of education that they are qualified in and will deliver appropriate programmes that is suitable for the young people who are involved.
Nurses
there are many types of nurses in the UK and some nurses may give children and young people medical care when they have been injured in some way, for example in school or in an accident. Some nurses may also be involved in home visits as part of follow-up programmes just to see if everything is alright and also to see if the parent is coping with a new born baby. There are nurses who are specially trained to care for the health of the young sector of society.
Health visitors
Health visitor tend to visit every family when a baby is born, health visitor have a specialist skills of the midwife however they are no longer required any more. The health visitor is a nurse with qualifications which is in other aspect of childcare. They visit family in their home to provide advice and support on a range of situations such as diet and coping with stress. Many families only require the support of a health visitor for a short time after the birth of a baby, in some cases it can be a long time which is tend on the family circumstances
Educational psychologists
There are types of psychology in this case an educational psychologists tend to be in a specialist psychology services that work with children and young people. This can be either within the education system where the educational psychologist will provide advice and support in the complex situation. Educational psychologists are also work with parents and families and they tend to provide support for multi-agency working.
Counsellors
Children and young people who have been through traumatic experiences may benefit for counselling, for many reasons. The British Association for Counseling and Psychotherapy tend to recognises that counseling for children and young people requires different skills from those adopted for adults.
Nursing/ health/ social care assistants
These groups are care assistant can includes people who are working towards a qualification in a specific area that they are interested, who are working as an assistant in their specialised area. They will tend to work closely with the nursing/health care/social care staffs which they tend to provide wide-range services in the support of children and young people together with their parents and families.
Educational welfare officers (EWO)
The educational welfare officers generally work with schools and the local authority which deals with the children and young people who are at school. EWO present issues such as poor attendance which can tend to affect the child or the young person’s performance in school. Their role is sometimes looked upon as a schools’ social worker. However this is not the case as there will work with school staff and families to investigate why problems occur at the first place and find a possible solution that is best for the child and the parents as well as the school.
Learning mentors
Learning mentors are groups of people that work with children and young people, they are mainly within the school situation, to provide extra support and help for pupils. This may be on a whole class, small group or individual basis and they will work alongside the teacher in the classroom to build up skills and confidence in young learners.
Play therapists
Play therapist is usually individuals who have undertaken specialist training in play therapy, which can be beneficial for children who have suffered stress or traumatic experience, as a form of treatment. Children and young people may need to have the experiences which they might find very difficult to deal with in the usual way.
Play workers
Play worker is a specialist area of provision, which is usually working with children and young people aged around about 4 to 16. The principles of play work are that they enable children and young people to indulge in free play and take control of their own situations. Play workers work in a range of settings outside statutory education and may be involved I play schemes, play buses, out-of-school clubs
Connexions advisers
Those people work within the Connexions service they duty is to provide advice and support for children and young people in the age of 13 to 19. However it is extended to 25 for individuals who have learning difficulties or even disabilities. This is to ensure that they are following the disability act that is established by the government. The advice that they give to children and young people can be many issues from personal factors such as presenting themselves to employers and how to answer some of the question that is set by the employer. This is to ensure that the children and young people can receive the right education training and employment.
Early year’s workers
Early years workers work with children from birth to eight years old in a range of settings which may include private day nurseries, local authority nurseries, family centers, hospitals and crèches. They understand the needs of young children and will be able to provide appropriate and relevant experiences to aid their overall development.
Youth workers
Youth workers work with children and young people usually between the ages of 13 to 19. They may work in youth centres, clubs, and school and may work as part of a youth offending team. However, some work in less traditional ways as detached youth workers, trying to engage with the youth people who might be mare at risk in the community. They may be involved in delivering programmes, supporting young people, working with parents and community groups and undertaking other activities as and when required.
Youth justice workers
Youth justice workers are involved in the youth justice system and have an important role in helping youth people to achieve the five outcomes which is from the Every Child Matters. They usually work as part of a multi-disciplinary team to establish the positive outcomes for young people and their families.
Prison officers
Prison officer within the prison service and are responsible for caring for young people this is by serving custodial sentences or on remand. Their role includes trying to establish a professional relationship with the goal of rehabilitation. They need to maintain a healthy and safe environment, which included training and education, so that the individual will be better equipped on release.
