Cell nucleus
The nucleus is surrounded by a structure called the nuclear envelope. This membrane separates the contents of the nucleus from the . The cell nucleus is the control centre of a cell. This contains DNA. “The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating — the nucleus is therefore the control center of the cell.” ().
Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is a cell that is enclosed within the cell membrane. The cytoplasm can be known as a jelly like substance called “the cell-matrix”. The cytoplasm contains many different substances for example sugar and amino acids. The cytoplasm holds the organelles in place.
There are different types of organelles in the cytoplasm:
- Mitochondria
- Lysosomes
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Golgi Apparatus
I will be discussing each of these in fuller detail.
Mitochondria
The mitochondria are found inside the cytoplasm. Mitochondria’s are sometimes described as “cellular power planets”. The mitochondria are the cell that provides the body with energy. The cell transfers the energy so it can be used in different ways throughout the body. Each mitochondria has a double-layered membrane like the cell membrane but the inner-layer folds at intervals which produces shelves or ridges.
Picture from (blog.bounceweb.com)
Lysosomes
Lysosomes help with the digestive system. The cells digest the worn or excess organelles, food particles and bacteria’s etc. “Lysosomes fuse with and dispense their enzymes into the , digesting their contents.” ()
Lysosomes can travel freely trough cells, if reasling their contents it will destroy old or damaged organelles. Lysosomes can also destroy an entire cell.
Picture from ()
Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum is also known as the ER. There are to parts, the smooth and rough ER. The endoplasmic reticulum is the network which fills the cell interior. The structure is similar to the cell membrane and is continuous with the nuclear membrane.
Smooth ER:
The smooth ER has no attachment to the ribosomes and is involved in the metabolism of liquids.
Rough ER:
The rough ER is called rough because it is studded with tiny black bodies called ribsosomes. This manufactures the cell protein and acts as temporary storage.
Image from ()
Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus is formed as a series of flattened fluid sacks which all be stacked up onto up each other. There are many fluid-filled globules which lie close to the main stack. These are often termed vesicles. The name Golgi came from the Italian scientist who specialises in cells in the 19th and 20th centuries. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for producing the lysosomes. The Golgi apparatus is believed to deliver the protein to other organelles or outwards from the cell in secretions.
“The Golgi apparatus is a cell structure mainly devoted to processing the proteins synthesized in the (ER).” ()
image from (missbakersbiologyclasswiki.wikispaces.com)
