Health and Social Care
EDI Level 3:
Diploma in Health and Social Care
Riaz Khan
Table of Contents
Explain the importance of accessible complaints of procedures for reducing the likelihood of abuse
Describe unsafe practices that may affect the well being of individual
Explain the actions to take if unsafe practice has been identified
Describe the action to take if suspected abuse or unsafe practices have been reported but nothing has been done in response
Health and Social Care
Introduction
Health care provisions are essential for the survival and well-being of any society. In those societies where health care facilities are conveniently accessible to the common men, prosperity and harmony reigns supreme. The concept of health and social care is integrated together. Social care aims to develop abilities in people through which they can lead normal, independent lives like others. Social inclusion is a product of social care services. Social inclusion is a multifaceted approach that addresses whether everyone in a society meets the basics of life, as well as issues of income inequality and rising wage levels. Social inclusion and connectedness with the society can easily be linked with the mental and physical health of individuals.
This paper will study in detail, the various aspects related to health and social care in the lives of human beings. The study aims to establish the criteria of promoting and implementing health and social care services in the society at acceptable levels. We will see the importance of handling information in the context of health and social care while also discussing certain person-centered approaches. The necessity of safe guarding health and social care rights of individuals will also be discussed. We all know the significance of a social care or a health care worker in delivering reasonable health and social care services. This paper will elaborate their role as contributors to the wellness of the society. It will also discuss the need to engage in personal development provisions within the health care settings. Lastly we shall evaluate the communication networks in these settings, while also giving some recommendations for future use.
An increment in the population of old aged people results in an expansion in the demand of social and community care services for people who are incapable have learning disabilities or simply are old enough to go to hospitals. New advancements, changed demographics, and increased public awareness are some of the concerns due to which health care trends differ across countries. All healthcare facilities and services across the world are facing challenges. These challenges need to be addressed before the health conditions of the respective states are deteriorated. It is high time a collective effort is put in by the involved parties to guarantee adequate health and social care provisions to their citizens.
CU2667 Promote and Implement Health and Safety in Health and Social Care
Health and illness simply are biological descriptions of the state of our bodies. Health, to me, is a complete state of well-being, where a person is mentally, physically, and socially fit and his/her metabolism is efficient. Attaining health is a basic human right and is important to the overall prosperity of the society. Those who are responsible in providing health care facilities see it as a resource every day, rather than an object of life. On the other hand, illness is a state of poor health; a state that requires immediate diagnosis and cure. Without maintaining a proper health regime including regular visits to a physician, a balanced low-sodium diet, and exercise for at least five days a week; a person cannot avoid different types of illnesses (Smith, 2008, 202).
In England, community care services are on its peak. The Community Care Act of 1992 has been an established way of subcontracting between the local authority and private agencies to fund for services as these. Like Scotland, England too has a vast number of social workers and nurses who work for learning disabilities. The trend of deploying social workers towards community care services have been successful in ensuring appropriate health care to old-aged citizens and people having learning disabilities. In England, a process of re-institutionalization is taking place where the number of forensic mental health beds. Funding mechanisms for health care in England have been the best as compared to other European countries.
Identify legislation relating to health and safety in health and social care work setting
There are two important legislations related to health and safety in health and social care work setting across U.K. These are the Health and Safety at Work, etc Act 1974 and the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999. In addition, the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is a UK government body that is responsible for enforcing health and safety at work. These legislations ensure that health and safety needs of individuals are preserved within the work settings. Employees should be protected against hazards ...
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Identify legislation relating to health and safety in health and social care work setting
There are two important legislations related to health and safety in health and social care work setting across U.K. These are the Health and Safety at Work, etc Act 1974 and the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999. In addition, the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is a UK government body that is responsible for enforcing health and safety at work. These legislations ensure that health and safety needs of individuals are preserved within the work settings. Employees should be protected against hazards and their safety and well-being should be the top priorities of the government and the respective employers. There are other regulations that outline guidelines for employee safety at work place and cover work related risks like lifting, carrying loads, dealing with appliances, and electricity management. These guidelines are mainly set of front-line workers who are directly associated with operational activities.
Explain the main points of health and safety policies and procedures agreed with the employer
The federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is an entity that regulates work place practices regarding health and safety of employees and set standards for such regulations. Under the OSHA, the main points of health and safety policies and procedures, as agreed with the employer, include the following:
Access to medical facilities provided by the organization
Non-discriminatory attitude in the delivery of health and safety services to employees
Conducting hazard evaluation for products manufactured by the company
Provide well-maintained tools and equipment, including appropriate personal protective equipment
Assess the medical needs of employees on regular basis and report to OSHA within a specified time period
Identify communicable diseases within work place and ensure that employees go through a detailed medical check-up before induction into the company
These are usually the terms and conditions that are considered at the work place with full consent of the respective employers. The OSHA ensures that employees are safeguarded against existing and potential health issues so that they carry out work related activities with full effectiveness.
Identify specific tasks in the work setting that should not be carried out without special training
There are some specific tasks in the work setting that cannot be carried out without a sufficient training program. The training aims to create knowledge about proper practices and teach methods to avoid hazards. These tasks include:
working at height
working with or around hazardous materials
working around moving machinery and equipment
working with chemicals and petrol-based materials
confined space entry
stored energy sources
manual handling
The type of training that are given include training on administrative controls, elimination of risk, substitution of equipments that are unsafe, engineering controls, personal protective equipments to protect oneself from danger.
Describe different type of accidents and sudden illness that may occur in own work setting
The following are some of the identifiable accidents and illnesses that can occur during work:
sprains and strains
fracture of bones
open wounds
dislocation of spine or joints
trauma fatalities
disorders of soft tissues and tendons
burns and poisoning due to toxic substances
lower and upper limb injuries
tumors, neoplasm and cancers
deaths due to motor vehicle incidents etc.
The following chart shows the average occurrence of illness and accidents that occur at work places in the U.K.:
*WDL= Working Days Lost
Explain procedures to be followed if an accident or sudden illness should occur
In case of an accident or injury at the work place, the injured person should be transported to the nearest medical facility. There should be a number of medical centers near the locality so that these people receive immediate medical care. The causes of the injury have to studied, taking help of external expertise, if required. The accident spot have to be analyzed so as to reveal if injury was accidental or deliberate attempt form a co-worker. The reporting has to be made to the OSHA or the respective legal body that governs workplace practices. Also a thorough treatment has to be ensured to the patient at the cost of the company.
Explain own role in supporting others to follow practices that reduce the spread of infection
Individuals can do a lot for self-awareness as well as to save others from infections and diseases at work place. A worker should engage in healthy conversations regarding the prevention of work place hazards and must share his knowledge with others. He should be willing to take training that aim to improve employees’ ability to deal with hazards and dangers. Employees should try to save others from injuries too. Also, it is the responsibility of the employee to report to management if he has contracted a contagious or communicable disease. He should ask for vacations until recovery, so that others might not get the infection.
Explain the main points of legislation that relates to moving and handling
The main pieces of legislation relating to the moving and handling of clients are
1. EC Manual Handling Regulations. (European Directive 90/269 EEC) 1992
2. Health and Safety at Work Act (HASAWA) 1974.
3. The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992.
4. The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulation 1995 (R.I.D.D.O.R.)
Moving and handling legislation is comprised of the following points:
assessment of manual handling activities
avoidance of manual handling
reduction of risks involved with moving and handling loads
making and ensuring use of safety systems at work
communicating general indications on the weight or load for employees
Explain principles for safe moving and handling
There are some basic principles that everyone should observe prior to carrying out a manual handling operation:
ensure that the object is light enough to lift and unlikely to shift or move
heavy or awkward loads should be moved using a handling aid
make sure the route is clear of obstructions
make sure there is somewhere to put the load down wherever it is to be moved to
stand as close to the load as possible, and spread your feet to shoulder width
bend your knees and try and keep the back's natural, upright posture
grasp the load firmly as close to the body as you can
use the legs to lift the load in a smooth motion as this offers more leverage reducing the strain on your back
carry the load close to the body with the elbows tucked into the body
avoid twisting the body as much as possible by turning your feet to position yourself with the load.
Describe types of hazardous substances that may be found in the work setting
The types of hazardous substances that are found at the work place setting include
corrosives
compressed gases
biohazardous agents
oxidizers
flammable solids, gases, liquids, and aerosols
ethanol, acetone, nitric acid etc.
Describe practices that prevent fires from starting and spreading
Employees can prevent fire from spreading and even starting if;
They follow rules while smoking, as smoking is one of the common reasons of start of fire at work place
Equipments should be properly checked for any degradation, or faulty elements. A faulty machine can provoke fire.
Malfunction of oxygen machine or gas compression should be avoided
Provide fire safety trainings
Explain emergency procedures to be followed in the event of a fire in the work setting
The most important emergency steps in case of fire can be the following (in chronological order):
Raise the fire alarm
Summon the fire brigade staff
Evacuate the building
These are the steps that should immediately be carried out in case of fire.
CU2479 Promote Good Practice in Handling Information in Health and Social Care Setting
The costs of caring for people with complex social and health care needs have been on a rise in the United Kingdom. The goal is to enable people live normal lives in a healthy manner. There are various statistical models that can predict a person’s future need for social care. These models include Predictive Risk Model (PRM) as the main tool to guide policy implications of health and social care services. Predictive modeling identifies the health risks of patients including cardiac disorders, emergency readmissions, and risk of death. It has been a major concern for many healthcare providers (hospitals, clinicians) or purchasers (primary care trusts, local authorities).
Identify legislation and codes of practice that relate to handling information in health and social care
Information handling is a critical job in the health and social care settings. Maintaining a certain level of confidentiality while also being revealing, is not an easy task. Different types of links, delivery, assessment and resource techniques are utilized to preserve information and make reporting. It is also to be ascertained which type of information should be disseminated to which type of employees. The employers undertake analysis and research to monitor the information outflows and its sensitivity within the setting.
Describe features of manual and electronic information storage systems that help ensure security
Manual and electronic information systems ensure security by preserving the integrity, availability, confidentiality, and authencity of information. These mechanisms incorporate password systems, intrusion detection systems, firewalls, access control lists and other features to ensure a safe and secured storage of important data and information.
CU2666 Promote Person-Centred Approaches in Health and Social Care
Social care services place special emphasis on the involvement of people in the design and execution of service and its overall direction and delivery. In Scotland, the highly influential report on learning disability services “The Same as You?” clarified that a change was needed in how people with learning disabilities were being supported to lead full and active lives. This was followed in England by the White Paper “Valuing People” which espoused a similar theme. Since then, a series of documents and initiatives supporting the right of the service user to be placed at the centre of the delivery of public services have emerged at regular intervals (Billings, 2006, 327). These documents and campaigns mainly focus on health care, social care, and housing support services for individuals. Person-centered approaches aim to establish practices that people want to better enable them to live the quality of life that they have always wanted for themselves.
Explain how and why person-centered values must influence all aspects of health and social care work
Personalization or Person-centered approach to health and social care reflects the idea that each individual receives care according to his needs, in a manner that is most suitable for him. These are approaches in a specific sense that directs the course of action according to the needs of an individual. This pertains to receiving special mental, health, physiological and social care that is designed to a person’s particular needs, and demands. A person-centered approach to planning services has its origins in social care, specifically around the planning of services for people with disabilities, although in the last few years, it has been taken up more extensively by other sectors, as well.
Explain what steps to take if consent cannot be readily established
There are situations where consent cannot be obtained for the use or disclosure of patient or service user identifiable information, yet the benefit to the wider public outweighs issues of privacy. Section 60 of the Health and Social Care Act 2001 currently provides an interim power to ensure that patient identifiable information, needed to support a range of important work such as clinical audit, record validation, research and Public Health Services can be used without the consent of patients.
Describe different ways to applying active participation to meet individual needs
Active participation is the key to deliver adequate individual needs. This requires a strategy that aims to invite and appreciate participation on equal basis from all the elements of the setting. Employees and staff have to be empowered and valued so they think their opinions are worth sharing with others. A culture of openness has to be nourished in this regard. Every member of the health and social care setting should feel valued and acknowledged for individual contribution in the field. Only then can there be active participation for the attainment of common goals.
Describe how to support an individual to question or challenge decisions concerning them that are made by others
The support for an individual depends on his mental capacity. First, we must obtain their permission and then get them to express what help they need. Then we can further extend information, suggestions, and a plan to challenge such decisions. We could offer to be their spokesperson if they were not confident enough to speak out, or to accompany them to any hearing or appointment.
Explain the links between identity, self image and self esteem
Identity, self-esteem and self-image are closely linked together. “identity” is related to everything about one’s “self”. It mainly attributes to our roles in life that we undertake in society and on personal levels. Self-esteem is related to self-concept; how do we evaluate ourselves and what do we think about our own selves. It is an evaluative term that is aimed at judging our own selves. Self-esteem judges the identity of an individual based on his/her own criteria. Self-image is the conception about one’s own self. It can be in negative or positive sense. A high degree of positive self-image results in high self-esteem and this result creates a positive identity of the individual in the society and in his own eyes.
Compare different uses of risk assessment in health and social care
Risk assessment in the context of health and social care relates to control expected situations that might occur. These risk assessment processes have different uses. It includes identifying areas where there is potential for risk, designing strategies that aim to eliminate risk, implementing programs of risk reduction, reduction of risk involved, monitoring activities to avoid risky situations, and controlling the company so that deviations from expected performances might not occur.
Explain how risk taking and risk assessment relate to rights and responsibilities
Risk assessment and risk taking are closely related to rights and responsibilities. It is the right of every employee and member of the health and social care setting that he is saved from potential risk factors that might be hazardous to his life. It is the responsibility of employees to practice evaluative programs that identify risk and reduce them to minimal. Risks cannot be avoided; however, its intensity and frequency can certainly be minimized.
Explain why risk assessments needs to be regularly revised
Risk assessment needs have to be revised regularly because the changes in the settings can bring in new forms of risks with them. Sooner or later, the health and social care setting will bring in new equipment, substances and procedures that could lead to new hazards. It makes sense therefore, to review what we are doing on an on-going basis. We should assess risk formally so that we may know if the risk factors are being improved.
CU2550 Principle of Safeguarding and Protection in Health and Social care
If we look at the relevant policies of England towards social care and inclusion, the works and strategies of the National Social Inclusion programme (NSIP) need considerable mention. NSIP is a programme within National Institute for Mental Health in England (NIMHE) as part of the Care Services Improvement Partnership (CSIP) that has been very actively participating towards the cross-governmental role for promoting social care and optimal health care for patients.
Define the following types of abuse: Physical, Sexual, Emotional/Psychological, Financial, Institutional abuse, Self neglect, Neglect by others
Physical abuse: It relates to direct physical harm that can cause injury, causality, accidents or even death.
Sexual abuse: this is concerned with sexual relations without the person’s consent. It often results in rape and is combined with physical abuse.
Emotional or Psychological abuse: Emotional abuse occurs when the person degrades others, calls names, or speaks harsh words that disturbs the other person’s mental state of well-being.
Financial abuse: Financial abuse is controlling someone's financial resources, including money for food, clothing, shelter, luxuries, and the like.
Institutional abuse: This kind of abuse usually occurs in hospitals, nursing homes, or other health and social care settings. They typically involve negligence, physical, emotional or sexual abuse within the settings.
Self-neglect: This abuse occurs when a person deliberately avoids taking care of his own self. This creates severe deterioration of the physical and mental state of the individual.
Neglect by others: This pertains to a lack of attention to a person from family, friends, colleagues and other members of society. It results in the isolation of the person, a low self-esteem and poor participation in community activities.
Identify the signs and/or symptoms associated with each type of abuse
Physical abuse: depression, fear of partner, inability to socialize, avoiding the person who belittles you, helplessness etc.
Sexual abuse: physical illnesses, fear of facing the world, complete isolation, having frequent injuries, hiding scars in clothes, injuries to genital and/or anal area, inability to eat well etc.
Emotional or Psychological abuse: outbursts of anger, problem in speaking, depression, inability to talk among people, low self-esteem, mood swings, major personality changes etc.
Financial abuse: sudden changes in bank balance, sudden transfer of assets, abrupt changes in financial documents, unpaid bills, forged signatures and financial transactions etc.
Institutional abuse: Inability to make choices or decisions, agitation if routine is broken, disorientation, patterns of challenging behavior.
Neglect: Absence of food, heat, hygiene, clothing, comfort, preventing clients to have an access to services, isolation, and absence of prescribed medication. Bedsores, poor hygiene, unsanitary living conditions, and unattended medical needs may be signs of neglect.
Describe factors that may contribute to an individual being more vulnerable to abuse
Personality disorders, drug addiction, failure to cope with societal activities, lack of monitoring mechanisms on financial position, exposure to diverse situations, and inability to fight for one’s rights are some of the factors that increase the susceptibility of an individual to face abuses of different kinds.
Explain the action to take if an individual alleges that they are being abused
When a person reports that he is suffering from any of the several kinds of abuse, the concerned authority should take immediate measures against the perpetrators. The evidence should be collected as well as witnesses must be gathered. The abused individual should send letter to the law enforcing agencies, enclosing all the relevant details of the person causing abusive activity.
Identify ways to ensure that evidence of abuse is preserved
The concerned authority should preserve the evidence of abuse so that it may not be subjected to nay misuse. The evidence against the perpetrator will serve an important tool in catching the culprit against legal charges and putting him to trial. Also the evidence can reveal forged practices and lead to the identification of each and every thing related to the abuse.
Identify national policies and local systems that relate to safeguarding and protection from abuse
The following are the local systems that provide safeguard against abuse:
Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO)
Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI)
Department of Health (DoH)
Public Guardianship Office (PGO)
Practitioner Alliance against Abuse of Vulnerable Adults (PAVA)
Ann Craft Trust (ACT)
VOICE UK
Explain the roles of different agencies in safeguarding and protecting individual from abuse
These agencies protect individuals form abuse by preserving their identity and giving them support in leading a respectable life. These agencies aim to create practices that identify abuses of different kinds. Once such abused individuals are identified, they are given medication, counseling, and other treatments to recover from a state of abuse. They are given assistance and support to lead life with full confidence and participation. It is the responsibility of the agencies to report abusive practices within the society and reduce them to minimal. Also, these agencies take legal actions against the abusers, based on the severity of abuse that they cause.
Explain how the likelihood of abuse may be reduced by; • working with person centered values, • encouraging active participation • prompting choice of rights
CU2546 The Role of Health and Social Care Worker
The basic aim of social work is to provide social welfare with a view that every single individual in the society deserves social, economic, political opportunities and rights. Hence we can say that social justice is the essence of social work. Social workers assess societal dissimilarities and on the basis of that, help in reinforcing the rights of those deprived. Social workers assist people in testing and understanding their reality, social, physical and emotional, and to mobilize resources within themselves and in their social environment to meet their reality or change it.
Social work responds to the effects of social injustice in a number of ways. They engage these victims of social injustice in various activities to nurture and reinforce their physical and mental capabilities. They offer them counseling and psychotherapeutic interventions to stimulate their senses and instill in them; a desire to survive and fight for their basic human rights. These workers join hands with other concerned agencies and not-for-profit-organizations to implement the programs of health care, child welfare, counseling, job seeking, accommodation and other facilities for the victims. These workers not only work for rehabilitation of those that fell prey to injustices but also strive to promote awareness among the general masses about how to protect their rights and avail opportunities while also respecting each and every member of the society. These agencies seek help from state government in further implementing their programs (Lewis, 2007, 189-193). They estimate the needs of each society and distinguish those who live in constant fear and terror of being killed to those who are mild sufferers. Strategies are designed accordingly. These efforts of social workers in promoting social justice and values are definitely commendable being one of the main reasons of progress and equality in advanced societies.
Social care is synonymous with providing practical support to individuals and enabling them live an enjoyable life full of health and happiness. Social care workers can do a lot more than just helping the average person do everyday tasks with efficiency (Weinberg D, 2006, 145). They can bring a valuable change into others’ lives. Social care focuses on improving lives of individuals, communities and groups across the U.K. and beyond. Social care is on the priority list of the government agendas that cater to massive well-being provisions of the governmental and statutory agencies. Social care has overhauled the standard of living for those vulnerable to society. The programs of social care offer support for the elderly, support for people with mental health needs, support for those with learning and physical disabilities, support for those suffering from alcohol and substance abuse problems, the homeless, victims of domestic abuse, sexual harassments, children in need of foster care, adoption, child protection, and unemployed or homeless children. It is through these steps that social care changes the shape of the future culture to ensure a quality life as functioning members of the society (Bardsley M et. al, 2011, p. 189).
Explain how a working relationship is different from a personal relationship
A personal relationship is one where your personal life, extra-curricular activities and social life are involved. A work relationship is another way of describing a relationship with coworkers. We spend time together at work, work well together, but we have little or no contact outside of work. It is strictly professional.
Describe different working relationships in health and social care settings
In the health and social care settings, working relationships include those between doctors and nurses, nurses and staff members, owners and staff, patients and nurses, patients and doctors etc.
Explain why it is important to work in partnership with others
Partnership working fosters teamwork and enthusiasm at work place. It brings a diverse group of people together on a common platform. They communicate, cooperate and coordinate on various activities. This creates openness, trust and honesty between the partners and results in the attainment of the given goals of the health and social care settings.
Identify skills and approaches needed for resolving conflicts
The ability to recognize others’ needs and respond accordingly.
Calm, non-defensive, and respectful reactions to each conflict and a willingness to negotiate
A readiness to forgive and forget, and to move past the conflict without holding resentments or anger
The ability to seek compromise and avoid punishing
CU1531 Engage in Personal Development in Health and Social Care Setting
Describe the duties and responsibilities of own work role?
Personal development plays a key role in the propagation of social care and health care services for people. Personal development is especially important in areas that are critical to the health and social inclusion of the people. Social care workers are to be trained according to the service that they provide. This training not only depends on the individual capacity to learn and experiment, but also upon the needs and wants of the target. Hence the training of each member in the health and social care sectors has to be very specifically designed and executed. Social care is an important area that demands personal development of service providers.
Explain expectations about own work role as expressed in relevant standards
Own work role builds on the expectation of recognition and appreciation from the authority. We perceive our work roles according to the feedback we obtain. This includes evaluating our performance and comparing with others, translating recognition programs as a reward for better performance, and so on.
Explain the importance of reflective practice in continuously improving the quality of service users provided
We all have our own values (how important we think something is e.g. honesty - very important, quite important, not important), belief systems (religious beliefs, cultural norms etc) and experiences (our background and upbringing, events that affect the way we think etc). Hence reflective practice is about taking a look at ourselves and evaluating the effectiveness of our work and taking into consideration the views of the individuals that we support.
Describe how own values, belief systems and experience may affect working practice
Our own values, belief systems, and experiences affect the way we work. It may establish pre-conceived notions and assumptions about working practices that result in either a high level of performance or a low self-image as compared to others. These beliefs develop over time and might make us overlook certain practices at the work place because of our prejudice. Hence our attitudes towards work are really detrimental towards performance. Our experiences also determine how we perceive work relations and practices. This may contribute towards a reinforced performance or deterioration in working standards.
Identify sources of support for planning and reviewing own development
In planning one’s own development, there are a variety of ways that can help the individual. Health and social cares settings provide a range of training facilities to foster personal development practices. Organizations need to incorporate strategies that nurture a person’s own development apart from organizational growth.
CU1530 Promote Communication in Health and Social Care Setting
Identify the different reasons people communicate
In the context of health and social care, it is imperative that service providers communicate with service users. This not only retains a good relationship among them, but also results in the effective delivery of the needed service. Social care workers undertake the task of maintaining a healthy relation with the service consumers so that they feel free to share everything with them. This is a part of the treatment regime that those patients experience. Hence proper channels of communication are important for catering to their needs in a satisfactory manner.
Explain how communication affects relationships in the work setting
Communication is the key to a positive relationship within work place settings. It brings people together and develops an open environment which enables people to work in collaboration for common goals. It affects the way employees perceive organizational tasks and enables a successful working environment where all individuals share mutual respect and dignity towards others.
Describe the factors to consider when promoting effective communication
In order to promote effective communication, members of the organization have to be empowered in order to communicate openly and effectively. An environment needs to be established where every member feels motivated to share ideas and thoughts. The working environment should support the emotional, physical and social identity of the individuals. Their personal integrity need to be preserved at all costs. Effective communication is essential to the success of any organization. In order to practice good communication skills, you need to be able to understand what makes up good communication, and then make that part of your corporate culture through policies and practice.
Explain how people from different backgrounds may use and/or interpret communication methods in different ways
People from different backgrounds and culture assume different meanings from verbal and non-verbal communication. In some countries, openness is perceived to be a casual attitude whereas in others, it is a normal phenomenon. Also people differ in interpreting the meaning and language of the conversation and undertake different cognitive processes to translate the communication process and activities.
Identify barriers to effective communication
Language, cultural diversity, bias and prejudices, misreading of non-verbal gestures, perceptual differences, psychological and environmental differences, and attitudinal diversities are some of the most common barriers to effective communication.
Explain how to access extra support or services to enable individuals to communicate effectively
Organizations need to extend support to enable individuals to communicate effectively. This needs various methods for translation services, interpreting services, speech and language services, advocacy services.
Explain the meaning of the term confidentiality
Confidentiality is seen as central to the maintenance of trust between professional and service-user. Confidentiality refers to preserving an individual’s dignity and preserving his information from irrelevant public access.
Describe the potential tension between maintaining an individual’s confidentiality and disclosing concerns
Disclosure of an individual’s information to others without his consent is a breach of confidentiality. It is against professional ethics to disclose personal information. The preservation of confidentiality is a right to every member of the community.
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