Explain the ways in which materials move into and out of cells

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Explain the ways in which materials move into and out of cells. (P2)

States of matter:

Solid:   solid is something that cannot flow. Bones, skins and cartilage are solid because the molecules and atom are securely packed together that the motion is concentrated to a tiny vibration that cannot be seen.

Liquid: liquid is something that can flow like blood and urine. The atoms have more movement unlike solids so it results to flowing.

Gas: oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide are the common gases we breathe in. The molecules and atoms of gases are quite apart from one anther and are able to move more easily.

Materials: 

Particulate: carbon particles in a polluted air can spread to the air passages causing scaring and disease. Particulate material can enter any open wound. The material can rest in deeper tissues where the macrophage will try to engulf and digest it. Bacteria’s that have invaded are digested by lysosomes and it will leave some debris behind like particulate material.

Ionic: this contains atoms which can have a positive or a negative charge due to losing or gaining electrons. These atoms or group of atom are called electrolytes or ions that usually are moving in and out due to being needed or eliminated products from the thousand chemical reaction.

In solution: substances that are able to dissolve in liquid is called solutes, the liquid is the solvent that is dissolved in the solute is a solution. Water is the important solvent in a human body and the most chemical reaction occupies molecules dissolved in water. Water is collected up of two hydrogen atoms related by chemical bonds to one oxygen atoms. The oxygen has a minor negative charge and hydrogen atoms have positive charge so that water subsists as polar molecules.

Colloidal forms: this has large particles that are scattered or diffuses all the way through the medium.

Protein sols:  protein molecules are not readily dissolved in water so it’s a protein sol; cytoplasm is an example of this. Blood plasma is a protein sol because of its plasma protein content. Polysaccharide molecules can also make colloids as soon as it is mixed with water but they not soluble as molecules as like protein it is too large to dissolve.

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Movement of materials:

Diffusion: this is the movement of molecules from the area of high concentration   to an area where there is low concentration. Diffusion occur through cell membranes except these are freely travelable to the diffusion molecules presented that the barriers are to thin.

The emphasis of the concentration is different which is known as a concentration gradient. The diffusion rate will be much faster if the concentration gradient is greater.

There is no actual source of energy needed for diffusion of molecules.                     ...

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Star rating 3 This assignment has been produced for Unit 13