Disaccharides
Disaccharides are formed by two monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic bond. The sugars are formed when two monosaccharide molecules join together with the removal of one molecule of water.
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates, they are made up of chains of monosaccharides (the sugars) which are linked together by glycosidic bonds, which are formed by the condensation reaction.
Polysaccharides are made up of many monosaccharide molecules (usually glucose), joined together.
Starch non starch polysaccharides
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose. Starch is the most important carbohydrate in the human diet starch can be found in foods such as rice, wheat,corn, and potatoes.
Non-starch polysaccharides are also known as dietary fibre. There are two kinds of non-starch polysaccharides insoluble and soluble. The majority of foods contain both types although proportions vary. In-soluble non-starch polysaccharides include: wheat, corn, rice, vegetables and pulses. Soluble non-starch polysaccharides include: apples, citrus fruits and oats.
Sugar substitutes
A sugar substitute is a food additive that duplicates the effect of sugar in taste, sugar substitues usually have less food energy. Some sugar substitutes are natural and some are synthetic. A common synthetic sugar substite is sweetners.
‘According to wikipedia an important class of sugar substitutes are known as high-intensity sweeteners. These are compounds with sweetness that is many times that of sucrose, common table sugar. As a result, much less sweetener is required, and energy contribution often negligible. The sensation of sweetness caused by these compounds (the "sweetness profile") is sometimes notably different from sucrose, so they are often used in complex mixtures that achieve the most natural sweet sensation.’
Proteins
We need to have a balanced diet which includes Protein as protein builds up, maintains, and replaces the tissues in your body. We also need protein in your diet as it helps the body to repair cells and make new ones. Protein is also important for growth and development.Proteins consists of amino acids and can be found in
such as meat and fish. These are one of the greatest sources of protein. However, protein can also be found in cereals, dairy products, nuts, lentils, pulses and some vegetables.
‘Peptides consist of two or more amino acids. Polypeptides and proteins both contain ten or more amino acids, but peptides consisting of more than fifty amino acids are classified as proteins.’ (scientific psyphhic)
Lipids
Lipids are another type of organic molecule which contains carbon. When you think of fats, you should know that they are lipids. Lipids are also used to make steroids and waxes.
‘Lipids consist of numerous fatlike chemical compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. Lipid compounds include monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phosphatides, cerebrosides, sterols, terpenes, fatty alcohols, and fatty acids. Dietary fats supply energy, carry fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), and are a source of antioxidants and bioactive compounds. Fats are also incorporated as structural components of the brain and cell membranes.’ (scientific psyphhic)
Vitamins
Vitamins serve crucial functions in almost all bodily processes. Vitamins can be obtained from food or supplements as our bodies are unable to make vitamins. There are thirteen vitamins classified as either water soluble (C and B complex) or fat soluble (A, D, E and K).
Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed, together with fat from the intestine, into the circulation. Vitamins A, D, E and K make up the fat soluble vitamins. Vitamins A, D and K are stored in the liver and vitamin E is distributed throughout the body's fatty tissues.
Water-soluble vitamins, such as Vitamin C and the B vitamins are stored in the body for only a brief period of time and are then excreted by the kidneys. The one exception to this is vitamin B12, which is stored in the liver. Water-soluble vitamins need to be taken daily.
Minerals
Minerals help the body to grow, develop, and stay healthy. The body uses minerals to perform many different functions such as ensuring bones are strong and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are even used to make hormones or maintain a normal heartbeat.
There are various types of minerals this includes iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, selenium and zinc.
- Iron is needed as it helps red blood cells carry oxygen to all parts of the body. Almost two-thirds of the iron in your body is found in haemoglobin.
- Calcium is vital for building strong bones and teeth. Calcium also helps the clotting of blood and helps nerves carry messages, to keep our hearts beating properly.
- Magnesium helps muscles and nerves function, steadies the heart rhythm, and keeps bones strong. Magnesium helps the body create energy and make proteins.
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‘Sodium Controls the volume of extracellular fluid in the body and maintains the acid-alkali (pH) balance in the body’ (organic trade). Sodium is necessary to maintain electrical potentials of the nervous system; sodium also helps the functioning of muscle and nerve tissues. Sodium comes from table salt, as well as processed foods.
- Potassium helps the muscle and nervous system function. Potassium also helps the body maintain the balance of water in the blood and body tissues which is essential for kidneys to function normally.
- Selenium helps to contribute the efficiency of the immune. Selenium can be found in: egg yolk; garlic; seafood, and whole-grain flour.
- Zinc is important for growth, sexual development, strong immunity, and wound healing. Minerals such as Zinc helps the healing process of internal and external wounds, Zinc decreases cholesterol deposits and helps to promote mental awareness.