The digestive system:
(encognitive.com)
The digestive system is a number of organs connected to a twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. A lining called mucosa if found in this tube which contains tiny glands that produce juices that help digestion in the mouth, stomach and small intestine. Organ systems such as the liver and the pancreas also process juices, this is done through small tubes that are linked to the intestine. The blood and the nerves play a part within the digestive system. The main function of the digestive system is to digest food by breaking down large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules. This is so that these molecules can then be absorbed by the blood.
The renal system:
The main functions of the renal system is to remove excess water and salt, eliminate nitrogen containing waste in the form of urea, assist in the production of new red blood cells and is involved in the maintenance of blood pressure. The renal system consists of all the organs involved in the formation and release of urine. It includes the kidneys, bladder, ureters and urethra. The kidneys help the body produce urine to get rid of unwanted waste substances. When urine is formed tubes called ureters transport it to the urinary bladder. This is where it’s then stored and excreted through the urethra.
The nervous system:
The nervous system is responsible for sending, receiving, and processing nerve impulses throughout the body. All the organs and muscles inside the body rely on these nerve impulses to function. Sense organs provide the nervous system with information about the environment, for examples things like sight, hearing, smell, taste, tough, pressure, and pain. Nerves are connected throughout the whole body to the brain. They carry the information throughout the body in the form of electrochemical signals called impulses. These impulses travel from the brain and spinal cord to the nerves located throughout the body. The nervous system consists of two parts which are the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system works with the peripheral nervous system in order to control behaviour. The brain and the spine are both part of the central nervous system. The peripheral system is divided into two parts, the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The peripheral nervous system coordinates the movements of the body and regulates our conscious controlled activities. This part of the system is the part which causes us to react to danger and stress, it cause heart rate and blood pressure to increase.
The endocrine system:
(cartage.org)
The endocrine system involves the release of hormones and relates in metabolism, growth, development, tissue function and it also has a role in our moods. It is a collection of ductless glands scattered around the body. The gland secretes chemical mediators directly into blood vessels which then circulate within the body through the blood stream. The endocrine system also uses the blood vessels to conduct information. The hormones go through a process called classical endocrine signalling which is where the hormones travel a distance to get to the organs and control the functions of that organ.
The lymphatic system:
(googleimages.com)
The lymphatic system is made up of lymph nodes, lymphoid organs, lymph ducts, lymphatic tissues, lymph capillaries and lymph vessels that produce and transport lymph fluid from tissues to the circulatory system. The lymphatic system has three main functions which is the removal of excess fluids from body tissues, the production of immune cells such as lymphocytes and the absorption of fatty acids and subsequent transport of fat to the circulation system. Lymph movement slowly occurs with low pressure due to pentastalis, valves and the milking action of the skeletal muscles. The lymph travels only through one way of the blood vessels because of semi-lunar vales
The musculo-skeletal system:
(firefara.org)
The musculo-skeletal system is made up of bones, tendons, muscles, ligaments, joints, cartilage and other connective tissues. This system is what is responsible for the form, movement and stability of the human body. The connective tissues are what supports and blinds the organs and tissues together and joints is the meeting place of two or more bones. Joints can be fixed by fibrous tissue, slightly movable because it the bones are joined by a pad or cartilage and freely movable with a more complex structure called synovial joints. The musculo-skeletal systems main components are elastic fibres and collagen, a protein substance. The skeleton forms the framework and is the composed of the axial skeleton, in the midline of the body and appendicular skeleton, comprising the limb bones and their girdles which attach them to the trunk. Muscles that pull bones into different positions by contraction are formed when striated muscle fibres bond together. The main functions of the musculo-skeletal system are protection, support, blood cell formation, mineral homeostasis, storage and leverage.
The immune system:
The immune system protects us against disease. This is done by detecting and destroying harmful microorganisms. The system is a collection of tissues, cells and proteins which help protect the body from the harmful microorganisms. In order for the system to function properly it needs to eradicate these harmful microorganisms and tumour cells. This is done through several mechanisms that recognise and neutralise pathogens evolve. The main components of the immune system are spleen, tonsils, adenoids, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes and white blood cells.
The reproductive system:
The reproductive organs are different in the male and females because the organs serve different purposes. They are different in shape and structure, but both are specifically designed to produce, nourish, and transport either the egg or sperm. The reproductive system plays a major role in ensuring the survival of species. When it comes to reproducing species such as human being the reproductive system has four main functions. These functions are producing the egg and sperm cells, transporting and maintaining these cells, nurturing and caring for the developing baby and it’s function is to also produce hormones.
Reproductive system of a female: The two major parts their reproductive system is the vagina and uterus. Unlike the male, the human female has a reproductive system located entirely in the pelvis. The external part of the female reproductive organs is called the vulva, which means covering. Located between the legs, the vulva covers the opening to the vagina and other reproductive organs located inside the body. The structure of this system consists of two ovaries which links to the fallopian tube which is linked to the uterus. According to Stretch and White house (2007) ‘ the neck of the uterus protrudes into the muscular vagina and this opens to the exterior at the vulva. Two flesh folds known as the labia conceal the vaginal orifice. ‘ The diagram below shows how the structure of the female reproductive system.
Reproductive system of a male: The male reproductive system is made up of four main parts the testes, the penis, the sperm and the seminal fluid.
An average male has two testicles which are situated in a sac called the scrotum, above this organ is the epududymis , this is where produced sperm is stored. The penis has a long shaft and enlarged tip called the glans penis. A matured sperm has three parts it consists a head, a mid-piece and a tail.
The male produces sperm that contributes to reproduction. The sperm is what fertilises the egg in the female body and the egg gradually develops into a foetus which then is later born as a child.
(myhealth.ucsd.edu)
Bibliography.
