Lack of initiative a person with the disease may become passive or unmotivated,sitting in front of the television for hours, sleeping more than usual and not pursuing his or her usual activities.Language problems people with Alzheimer's disease often forget simple words .
Misplacing items a person with Alzheimer's will put things in unusual places, such as an iron in the freezer or a wristwatch in the sugar bowl.
Mood Swings Rapid mood swings,from calm to tears to anger .
Personality changes a person with Alzheimer's disease may have a severe personality change, becoming extremely confused, suspicious, fearful or dependent on a family member.
Poor judgment a loss of judgment is a common symptom. A patient may dress without regard to the weather, wearing several shirts or blouses on a warm day or very little clothing in cold weather. Have difficulty carrying out everyday activities - they may get muddled checking their change at the shops or become unsure how to work the TV remote.
Vascular dementia: Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia Vascular dementia also can occur when blood vessels in the brain narrow, reducing the amount of blood flow to those sections of the brain, In some cases, a blood vessel may be completely blocked If oxygen supply fails in the brain, brain cells are likely to die leading to a series of mini strokes. Some strokes result in dementia while others don't Vascular dementia severely impacts memory and cognitive functioning. However, there are ways to prevent and reduce its severity. the symptoms of vascular dementia can develop suddenly and quickly worsen, or they can develop gradually over many months.thoughts, intent, passive wishes to die and feeling that life is not worthy is seen in these patients and they should be followed closely. Patients with vascular dementia commonly have mood and behavioral changes, Vascular dementia affects different people in different ways and the speed of the progression varies from person to person. Some symptoms may be similar to those of other types of dementia and usually reflect increasing difficulty to perform everyday activities like eating, dressing, or shopping. The best way to prevent vascular dementia is to lower your risk of stroke. This means getting high blood pressure under control, avoiding cigarettes, and controlling cholesterol levels and diabetes.
Signs and symptoms:
Loss of interest in social activities; may behave in socially inappropriate ways
Difficulty following the flow of a conversation
May include severe depression, mood swings and epilepsy
Some areas of the brain may be more affected than others
Increasing difficulties with tasks and activities that require concentration and planning
Visual hallucinations (seeing things that are not there)
Memory loss ,depression
Changes in personality and mood
Getting lost in familiar surroundings
Laughing or crying inappropriately
Confusion, which may get worse at night
Personality changes and loss of social skills
Pick’s disease:
Pick's disease causes an irreversible decline in a person's functioning over a period of years. Although it is commonly confused with Alzheimer's disease, it’s a form of dementia that causes a slow shrinking of brain cells due to excess protein build-up Pick’s Disease affects personality, orientation and behaviour. Also it’s the accumulation of abnormal brain cells, known as Pick's bodies, eventually leads to changes in character, socially inappropriate behaviour, and poor decision making, progressing to a severe impairment in intellect, memory and speech, It may be more common in women and occurs at an early age Pick's disease may have a genetic component, but most family members are unaffected. Someone with picks disease may become less sensitive this can make them seems cold and unfeeling. Individuals with Pick disease perform well on quick cognitive screening tests, such as the Mini-Mental Status
Signs and symptoms:
Extreme restlessness (early stages)
Overeating or drinking to excess (when this was not previously a problem)
Lack of attention to personal hygiene
Rudeness, impatience, or aggression
Repeating words others say
Difficulty moving about.
Difficulty speaking or understanding speech or speaking far less than usual or not speaking at all,
Urinary incontinence.
Disinhibited or even sexually inappropriate and may exhibit sexual behaviour in public.
Dementia Lewy bodies:
DLB are ‘tiny spherical protein deposits found in the nerve cells. It affects both women and men equally usually people over 65 it can be genetic. Research shows that the ‘Cholinesterase Inhibitor’ drug used for Alzheimer’s disease may also be used to help and treat DLB although it is not yet licenced to be used for this type of dementia. If the movement symptoms are severe, medications used in Parkinson's disease may be considered. Dementia with Lewy bodies is diagnosed when someone has the symptoms of dementia either before or at the same time as developing Parkinson’s.
Dementia with Lewy bodies affects a person’s memory, language, concentration and attention. It also affects their ability to recognise faces, carry out simple actions and their ability to reason. People with this form of dementia commonly experience visual hallucinations, which can be quite vivid. This can happen early on in the condition. They might also experience difficulty in judging distances and movements, which can cause them to fall over for no apparent reason. Doctors may prescribe medication for its symptoms. Treatments are aimed at controlling the cognitive, motor, and psychiatric problems associated with the disorder, including hallucinations and depression, in some cases people with dementia with Lewy bodies have a memory disorder that looks like Alzheimer's but they later develop hallucinations and other behaviour problems. The symptoms of Lewy Body Dementia will worsen over time.
Signs and symptoms:
Lewy Body patients may experience reduced alertness and lowered attention
Repeated falls and sleep disturbances this includes insomnia and acting out dreams
Increasing problems handling the tasks of daily living tasks that used to be simple may become difficult for a person with Lewy Body Dementia.
Tremors
Restless leg syndrome
Decreased ability to communicate
Shuffling gait
Stooped posture
Creutzfeldt-Jakob:
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is known as a prion disease, which means that healthy brain tissue deteriorates into an abnormal protein that the body cannot break down, CJD affects men and women of all cultural backgrounds, with symptoms appearing most often in those aged 50 to 75,CJD can be very difficult to diagnose, symptoms often appear similar to those of other dementias, such as , , , or . Clinical trials are testing antiviral drugs such as amantadine, which has proved helpful in treating Parkinson's disease some patients taking these antivirals have shown brief periods of improvement, with no harmful side effects. However, no treatment has been discovered that stopsCJD completely. After diagnosed death usually occur 6-12 months after. No cure for it but treatments are available to reduce some of the symptoms, such as controlling the pain, and reducing abnormal movements, while antidepressants are prescribed for depression and anxiety eventually, people with CJD go into a coma and are likely to die of infections such as pneumonia.
Signs and symtopms :
Mental impairment becomes severe
Lose the ability to move and speak
Pneumonia and other infections often occur in these individuals and can lead to death
Loss of co-ordination and balance
Problems with movement, especially poor balance
Problems seeing or hearing
Memory and speech loss
Muscle paralysis
Incontinence
Huntingdon’s disease:
Huntington's disease is an inherited disease of the brain, The disease damages some of the nerve cells in the brain, causing deterioration and gradual loss of function of areas of the brain. Both men and women with a family history of Huntington's can inherit the disease. Symptoms usually start to show during adulthood. People can start to show the symptoms of Huntington's disease at almost any age, but most will develop problems between 35 and 55. There is no cure for Huntington's disease. Its progress cannot be reversed or slowed down, Medication can be used to manage some of the symptoms,the affected person may live for 15 to 20 years after the diagnosed
Signs and symptoms:
A lack of emotions and not recognising the needs of others in the family
Alternating periods of aggression, excitement, depression, apathy, antisocial behaviour and anger
Difficulty concentrating on more than one task, which causes irritability
Short-term memory lapses
Problems with orientation
Develop a lack of interest in hygiene and self-care.
Uncontrollable movements of the face
Loss of co-ordination, can lead to spilling or dropping food
Difficulty putting thoughts into words, and they slur their speech
Making inappropriate sexual demands.
