- BMI
- Weight
- Height
- Breathing rate
- Temperature
These measurements apply to a patient who has lung cancer. The GP might decide that he/ she needs to be referred to a hospital specialist for further investigations. After further consultations, the doctor may still refer him/ her to a bigger hospital or treat the condition for a time.
Support can also occur in a home.
He/ she may prefer to stay in his/ her own house while being cared for, especially because he/ she have a loving family around him/ her.
Formal carers
Formal carers are people that are responsible for providing care.
- GP
- Clinical specialists
- Nurses
- Professionals allied to medicine ( Radiographers)
- Care managers
- Pharmacists
- Phlebotomists
- Laboratory workers
- Care assistants
Some of the formal carers mentioned above, are the ones that the patient will need throughout his/ her treatment and it’s also part of the strategy that is being used to support them with his/ her physiological disorder.
A GP is a medical doctor who diagnoses, treats as well as refers patients suffering from a range of disorders. The GP was the first person that the patient will go too; a GP is the vital first point of contact for anyone suffering from an illness, except in immediately serious cases where a patient will go directly to the hospital. GPs diagnose and treat diseases, occasionally referring the patient on to other specialists.
A GP sees patients in a number of different ways, including on an appointment basis, in drop-in clinics and by making home visits to those considered too infirm to travel. A GP has a great deal of responsibility as it is down to them to diagnose and treat a large number of ailments. Their main responsibilities are as follows:
- Meet patients and make a diagnosis based on symptoms, case history and patient feedback.
- Prescribe medicines to treat specific conditions.
- Administer general health and lifestyle advice to prevent illness and/or speed recovery.
- Recommend and refer patients for further tests or treatment with other specialists for conditions that are not treatable by a GP.
- Administrative duties such as writing sick notes, updating patient records and writing referral
Clinical specialists
Clinical specialists were one of the carers responsible for providing care for him/ her. Clinical specialists have taken further qualifications in their particular field of either medicine or surgery and become ‘experts’. They are often called by their specialist field, they all end with ‘-IST’ e.g. cardiologist who specialises in heart disorders, a nephrologists in kidney disorders and a rheumatologist in bone diseases. However in his/ her case I will be looking at an oncologist. An oncologist is a specialist in tumours and a radiologist studies both the diagnosis and treatment of disease using radiological techniques. He/ she need the care of an oncologist because he/ she is diagnosed with lung cancer.
Professionals allied to medicine (radiographers)
Radiographers are professional health care workers in either a diagnostic x-ray department or a radiotherapy department. They position the individual for the correct angle of the radiation and manage the process of radiography or radiotherapy. Radiotherapists are very important to cancer patients. He/ she will also need care from radiographers because he/ she have lung cancer, he/ she will be having x- rays for few months.
Phlebotomists
Phlebotomists usually work in hospitals, laboratories, physician’s office, blood banks, home health care agencies, public health clinics etc. a phlebotomist is a person skilled in taking blood samples by puncturing a vein, usually close to the inner side of the elbow, and withdrawing blood through a syringe. Several blood samples have to be placed in special bottles for precise tests, and taking blood from some individuals is notoriously difficult, he/ she will be getting their blood checked out maybe every after few months or weeks.
CARE
There are many different care strategies for a patient with lung cancer;
Medication
Chemotherapy uses powerful medicines to destroy cancer cells. Chemotherapy is the most useful therapy for small cell lung cancer. It can help control the growth as well as the spread of the cancer; however it cures lung cancer in only a small number of individuals. Chemotherapy may also be used to treat more highly developed stages of non-small cell lung cancer.
A patient with cancer does have quite a lot of choices; there are different kinds of medications used for lung cancer. Most of the medications have different reactions even though they are all used for the same disorder.
Medication Choices
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is called a systemic treatment because the medicines enter your bloodstream, travel through your body, and kill cancer cells both inside and outside the lung area. Some chemotherapy drugs are taken by mouth (orally), while others are injected into a vein.
His/ her oncologist will discuss as well as advice him/ her on the chemotherapy treatment specific for her condition. Common chemotherapy medicines include the following:
is an drug that helps prevent formation of vessels that supply the tumour with nutrients and help the grow and multiply. Bevacizumab may be used with other chemotherapy drugs, such as and , for treating non-small cell cancer.
Surgery
Surgical operations may play a significant part in the progress of some disorders. Surgery is the preferred treatment for patients with early stage. Unfortunately, 60-80% of all patients who have advanced or metastatic disease is not suitable for surgery. Maria will have to go through this as she is just on the early stages of it therefore it is possible to have a surgery.
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People who have NSCLC that has not spread can tolerate surgery provided they have enough function.
- A portion of a lobe, a full lobe, or an entire lung may be removed. The extent of removal depends on the size of the tumour, its location, and how far it has spread.
- A technique called cryosurgery is sometimes used for NSCLC. In cryosurgery, the tumour is frozen, which destroys it. This treatment is mainly for relief of fatigue.
- Cure rates for small peripheral cancers are around 80%.
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Despite complete surgical removal, a large proportion of patients with early stage cancer have recurrence of and die from it.
- Surgery is not widely used in SCLC. Because SCLC spreads widely and rapidly through the body, removing it all by surgery is usually impossible.
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An operation for is major surgery. Many people experience , weakness, fatigue, and shortness of breath after surgery. Most have problems moving around, , and breathing deeply. The recovery period can be several weeks or even months.
Rehabilitation programmes
These programmes are mainly important for individuals that are in this situation. Rehabilitation possibly will include professional guidance on maintaining a healthy lifestyle, counselling, relaxation techniques, physiotherapy, occupational therapy as well as psychotherapy when necessary. Complementary therapies may well prove useful in improving health and well- being in individuals with cancer, this is exactly what the patient will need.
The strategies used to support individuals with physiological disorders (ASTHMA)
Self-care
Self- care involves taking responsibilities for your own health as well as wellbeing with support from the individuals involved in your care. It does include the things you do every day to stay fit as well as maintain good physical and mental health, this will prevent illness or accidents and care more effectively for minor disorders and long-term conditions. Individuals living with long-term conditions can benefit a lot from being supported to self-care. They can live longer, have less pain, nervousness, depression as well as fatigue, have a better quality of life and be more active and independent.
Medication
It is very important that medications are taken as prescribed, even if you think you are starting to get better. If medication is taken as prescribed, every day you will keep your asthma under control and can also prevent asthma attacks.
Regular reviews
For the reason that asthma is a long-term condition, you'll be in contact with your healthcare team on a regular basis. A good connection with the team means that you can easily discuss your symptoms or concerns.
Keeping well
Individuals with long-term conditions such as asthma are encouraged to get a yearly flu jab each autumn to protect against flu. They are also recommended to get an anti-pneumococcal vaccination but it is optional, a one-off injection that defends against a specific serious chest infection called pneumococcal pneumonia.
Stop smoking
If you have asthma and you smoke, then it will be very helpful if you stop smoking as you will be helping yourself. This will expressively decrease the severity as well as the frequency of your symptoms. Smoking can also reduce the effectiveness of asthma medication. If you do not smoke and you have asthma, avoid being exposed to tobacco smoke.
Statutory Care provision
Statutory care provision is required by the law and it is governed by the legislation. Local and health authorities, primary care trusts and hospitals are all subject to the laws of the land in delivering services and meeting set targets.
Non- Statutory Care
This care is composed of the private and voluntary sectors. Health and social care services are frequently delivered by companies in the business of care, who is aiming to make a profit. Local authorities frequently contract out services to other organisations. Within this way, individuals can be cared for in their personal homes (domiciliary care) otherwise in residential homes in a process sometimes called ‘buying in’.
Several organisations purchase catering from another organisation. Such an arrangement still needs careful planning, monitoring and reviewing.
Charitable organisations deliver services on a not- for- profit basis moreover a lot of them are registered as charities. There are usually a few paid workers as well as people who help without being paid.
Examples of non-statutory organisations include:
- NHS walk-in-centres;
- NHS run treatment centres;
- Dental access centres;
- Health promotion units;
- Primary care support agencies;
- Units within an NHS Trust;
- Multi-trust working groups.
Care setting where support can occur
A care setting is anywhere individuals get care from or is left to be cared for. E.g.
- Hospital care
- GP’s surgery
- Health centre
- Home
- Social care settings
- Educational settings
A patient with asthma/ asthma symptoms will need hospital care; this is because he/ she are diagnosed with asthma, asthma can get very serious, it cannot be cured, but it can be controlled. Without treatment, he/ she would have more frequent and more severe asthma attacks and can even die. This is a serious disorder; for that reason he/ she would be admitted as soon as possible for investigations and treatment. When the condition is less acute, the doctors will make him/ her visit for quite a long time.
Hospitals have varied facilities and the patient may need to be taken from one hospital to another for specialist facilities such as scans. Support can also occur in a health centre. This is where extra services and facilities can be offered. Such facilities may include maternity services, counselling, alternative therapy sessions, various specialised clinics, phlebotomists, mobility aid specialists, family planning, health promotion, etc.
GP’s surgery is another setting where support can occur. It is the first setting in which he/ she will seek help for symptoms they are experiencing. The GP will take a medical history, if it is not already known. The GP will then ask relevant questions about the symptoms, then the GP will carry out a physical examination, they will be enhanced by taking routine measurements such as:
- Blood pressure
- Body temperature
- Measuring peak flow
- Pulse rate
- Breathing rate
The measurements mentioned above are the ones that apply to him/ her, who have asthma. The GP might decide that the patient may need to be referred to a hospital specialist for further investigations. After further consultations, the doctor may still refer the patient to hospital or treat the condition for a time.
Formal carers
Formal carers are people that are responsible for providing care.
- GP
- Nurses
- Professionals allied to medicine ( Radiographers)
- Care assistants
All of the formal carers mentioned above, are the ones that him/ her will need throughout his/ her treatment and it’s also part of the strategy that is being used to support them with their physiological disorder.
GP
A GP (general practitioner) is a physician whose practice involves providing on going care and covering a variety of medical problems in patients, they also treat and refer patients suffering from a range of illnesses. E.g. a patient that have asthma; the first person that he/ she will see is the GP. GP’s surgery is likely to be the first (or primary) setting in which a patient seeks help for their first symptoms that they are experiencing.
A GP sees patients in a number of different ways, including on an appointment basis, in drop-in clinics. A GP has a great deal of responsibility as it is down to them to diagnose and treat a large number of disorders. Their main responsibilities are as follows:
- Meet patients and make a diagnosis based on symptoms, case history and patient feedback.
- Prescribe medicines to treat specific conditions.
- Administer general health and lifestyle advice to prevent illness and/or speed recovery.
- Recommend and refer patients for further tests or treatment with other specialists for conditions that are not treatable by a GP.
- Administrative duties such as writing sick notes, updating patient records and writing referral
Professionals allied to medicine (radiographers)
Radiographers are professional health care workers in either a diagnostic x-ray department or a radiotherapy department. They position the individual for the correct angle of the radiation and manage the process of radiography or radiotherapy. Radiotherapists are very important to cancer patients, in particular. However, he/ she will need some care from the radiographers because they have asthma. He/ she will also need to get his/ her lungs and other respiratory system checked.
CARE
Medication
It depends on how severe a person’s asthma is. People with asthma must have a rescue medication available, such as Albuterol, for the quick-relief of asthma symptoms. On the other hand, the majority of people with asthma have need of a controller medication. A controller medication is used to prevent asthma symptoms, and is taken every day regardless of how the person’s asthma is doing that day. There are a few medications that he/ she will be able to use to control his/ her asthma.
Asthma Medication
- Albuterol- this is a bronchodilator. It helps to open up the airways in your lungs to make it easier to breath.
- Inhaled steroids such as:
- Flovent (fluticasone)
- Pulmicort (budesonide),
- Singulair
The medications mentioned above are the ones that he/ she will need for his/ her asthma.
by
babyliciouse2294 (student)
