Q3) After studying the sources, explain any further sources of evidence about Cromford and Richard Arkwright? Would the Historians find them more or less useful than the evidence from the site? (5)

Q3) After studying the sources, explain any further sources of evidence about Cromford and Richard Arkwright? Would the Historians find them more or less useful than the evidence from the site? (5) There is a lot of evidence to help us study the site. Yes, there are many sources of evidence about Cromford and Richard Arkwright. There were newspapers, sketches, paintings and accounts that could help the Historians. Firstly, there were the newspapers. The newspapers were sometimes biased as they had to support Richard Arkwright. The people that owned the newspaper had to keep in with Arkwright as if they didn't they would lose their jobs. Richard Arkwright was so rich that if the newspapers said anything that would upset him in any way, he would run them out of business because he was well respected and had power around people. I've seen three sources from the newspaper Derby Mercury. He could own the newspapers and the shops if he wanted to because he was very rich. There are two adverts and the third is an Obituary. Richard Arkwright paid them to write wonderful things about him and the mill site and the more they did, the more they would get paid. The adverts in the newspaper is advertising work at Arkwright's mill and what type of people that are employed there already and who is wanted there. The third one is an Obituary and tells us that Arkwright had died. It also tells

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  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: History
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What were Elizabeth's priorities when creating the religious settlement of 1559?

What were Elizabeth's priorities when creating the religious settlement of 1559? The Elizabethan religious settlement is a phrase used to describe 'the organisation, ritual and teaching of the Church of England as enforced by Acts of Parliament, as amplified by the pronouncements of the Archbishops of Canterbury and as defended rigorously by the Queen herself.' (Warren). According to Meyer, the religious settlement of 1559 is made up of two main foundation stones, the Act of Supremacy of 1559 and the Act of Uniformity of the same year. Both were fundamentally Protestant in their spirit, and managed by Cecil, himself a Protestant. The Act of Uniformity dictated that all church services should be conducted according to the 1552 book of prayer with amendments such as the deliberately ambiguous wording of the communion service. The Act of Supremacy abolished papal authority in England and made Elizabeth 'supreme governor' of the Church of England, the phrase 'supreme head' was too masculine for Protestants and Catholics alike. When Mary died in 1558, England was Roman Catholic and Elizabeth had 'publicly, even ostentatiously, professed the Roman Catholic faith for five years' (MacCaffrey). At the same time, she was hailed by many Protestant pamphleteers as 'the English Deborah', a woman who would reform the church, taking it back to its original, uncorrupted roots. At the

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  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: History
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How Strong was the Spanish Economy by 1556?

How Strong was the Spanish Economy by 1556? By 1556, Spain had a very weak economy. Although Spain was considered, and viewed as a rich country, the truth was it was heavily in debt, and was even forced to declare bankruptcy a year later. Some factors for this was the little understanding of how the economy works, Charles' foreign policy, in which the majority of Spain's wealth was spent Spain's economic standing was weak before Charles' took the throne in 1516. Although improvements were made to tax collection, under the reign of Queen Isabella, there were no tax reforms. This kept 90% of the taxation on the poorest people of Spain. When Charles did take the throne, heavy sums of money were borrowed to secure Charles' Imperial title, and the handling of the Comuneros revolt. Charles's has been criticised by most historians, such as koenigsberger for failing to provide the right circumstances for growth. As Charles was an inheritor of a lot of dominions (He was the King of Spain, the Holy Roman Emperor, inheritor of the Burgundians provinces etc.) there was a superseding need for money. It was this continual need that prevented him from developing any consistent economic strategies. The discovery of the New World should have given Castile a substantial boost in trade and industry. However, Spain was unable to keep up with the demands of the colonists. This shifted the

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  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: History
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Social trends in British society

Social trends in British society This essay describes trends of religion, early education and teenage pregnancy in contemporary British society. It argues that the declining interest of religion can be a contributing factor to increasing teenage pregnancy and low education. Since Britain today is a multi faith society, everyone has the right to religious freedom. The main religion is Christianity but less than half of the British people claim to believe in God even though they may write something else down on official forms (Religion in the UK). According to statistics from 2006, 18% of the British public says they are a practicing member of an organized religion. Since 1964 the numbers of people who belong to a religion and attend services have decreased significantly. In 2008 1000 people were asked if they believe there is a god, only 40% answered yes, compared to 80% in USA. Since Britain has been a Christian society for hundreds of years, the religion has become a natural part of many British people's lives. Despite of the fact that they do not practice any religion, many people see themselves as Christian and claim to belong to this religion. The fact that many other religions have entered the country also has opened windows for many none-believers to find a religion that suits them better. According to statistics, the number of three and four year old children

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  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: History
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Charlemagne Essay.

Charlemagne Essay Many historians argue that the single biggest factor contributing to Charles's military success was by his own skilled and ingenious leadership. Whereas there were also other arguments of what might have contributed to Charles's military success. One of the arguments that could be argued is that Charles had superior resources compared to his enemies, which may be argued by some historians. Whereas other historians may argue that the weaknesses of Charles's enemies, lead to his military success. Other historians may argue that many of Charlemagne's enemies were weaker than the Franks, which may have been the single most factor leading to Charles's military success. In the Lombard campaign in 773-774, Desiderius's Lombard kingdom was institutionally quite well developed. But it was political weakness, which lead to Charles's conquest. Charles never expected to become king of Lombardy, and he had granted pope large amounts of land, which is 2/3 of Italy. The reason why Desiderius loses political support was because the bishops disliked Desiderius as he took the papa's land, which was a disrespectable act. Desiderius weakened his own rule. Also the Dukes were keen with having a king North of the Alpes, as they believed that it would make him more independent. Therefore they wanted to transfer lands from Desiderius to Charles. An example of land that

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  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: History
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WSPU. By the time war broke out in 1914, women's suffrage had still not been won. Some historians argue that this was due to the militant and ultimately violent action used by Emmeline Pankhurst's WSPU;

By the time war broke out in 1914, women's suffrage had still not been won. Some historians argue that this was due to the militant and ultimately violent action used by Emmeline Pankhurst's WSPU; yet others believe that the WSPU's campaign played a major part in helping women finally acheive the vote on the same terms of men by 1928 as it was seen as a catalyst. Substantial sets of evidence - both long-term and short-term - can be used to back up both views. This shows that the WSPU's lack of success could prove that its tactics hindered the women's campaign, but was not fully responsible as there are other reasons. Emmeline chose to pioneer the WSPU movement as she felt that if women were relying on the NUWSS alone, there would be no further progress; she wanted women to make a bigger stand to attract more attention which she believed would help them win the vote. However, with the Union's motto already stating "Deeds, not words", this could have easily led the public - especially MPs - into thinking that the movement would use violence ('deeds') to acheive women's suffrage as opposed to 'words', i.e. compromising with the government. Despite up until 1912 the WSPU's action was considered not extremely violent, in Manchester - where the many-year campaign stemmed - many MPs amongst a good proportion of the public already saw the movement as

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  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: History
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Elizabeth and Parliament notes.

Elizabeth and Parliament notes. The situation of parliament faced by Elizabeth I was extremely different to how it would have been today. She was firmly at the heart of the nation's political life. Parliament played no part in either its selection or its policy making. The House of Lords was at least as important as the House of Commons. Over a 1/3 of MPs were effectively nominated by powerful lords. It met only when and for as long as the queen wished it. In total there were 13 sessions called by Elizabeth, these being in . 1559 2. 1563 3. 1566 4. 1571 5. 1572 6. 1576 7. 1581 8. 1584 9. 1586 0. 1589 1. 1593 2. 1597 3. 1601 No session lasted for more than a few months. Its main action was to consider the issues that the Elizabeth's representatives asked it to. When any questioning of Elizabeth's actions actually happened they would always be moderate, cautious and highly respectable. Elizabeth clearly defined what issues could be raised and which could not be and those that were her prerogative e.g.: Religion (she was divinely appointed) Foreign Policy (as Queen she dealt with other monarchs) Marriage and Succession. Though people may have felt she was taking too much for herself they ultimately respected her. There were no political parties so no party politics, the only connections that can be seen were those of patrons and clients (for example the Earl

  • Word count: 1252
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: History
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Henry V Assignment

HENRY V ASSIGNMENT Henry V is an impressive piece of literature, which can be read in its entirety to oneself. However, if the full dramatic effectiveness is to be appreciated, it must be seen in its true context as a performance on stage. At the time Henry V was written, theatre played an important part in people's lives. It was a way of life, and people of all social levels went to see plays by their favourite playwright. Theatres in Elizabethan times took on a conventional style. They are described the Chorus in Henry V as a 'wooden O' as they were indeed wooden and ring shaped. At a performance in an Elizabethan theatre the place where you stood depended on your social level. Lower-class people or 'groundlings' as they would be called, stood on the ground, surrounding the stage. Here you would not only find people standing to watch the performance, but you would also find family pets and entertainers like Jugglers and Fire Eaters and the richer patrons of the theatre sat in the outer ring. In Henry V there are many scenes, which cannot be acted out on stage effectively. These are mainly the battle scenes, which would involve large armies of men in real life. Shakespeare managed to overcome this problem and keep his audience entertained. The chorus is the first person in the play to speak. He asks the audience "On your imaginary forces work." He makes excuses that

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  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: History
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Compare these sources as evidence for differing views on the benefits of the Liberal government

Compare these sources as evidence for differing views on the benefits of the Liberal government's National Health Insurance Act of 1911 In 1911 The National Health Insurance Act was proposed containing two parts. The first part introducing National Health Insurance, and the second Unemployment Insurance. Sources C & D illustrate different, but equally useful views on the benefits of the Liberal government's National Health Insurance Act due to their nature, date, content, and authorship. Source C is an official Liberal Party and is blatantly supportive of Liberal reform, whereas source D, Beatrice Webb's personal diary, is mainly critical. In terms of content the only areas where sources C and D are similar is in their acknowledgement of the importance of social reform and the fact that they are centred on the 1911 Insurance proposals. Apart from this the sources differ greatly with source C promoting support for the reforms in general, particularly concentrating on the benefits of the National Health Insurance Act to the worker in case of sickness. Furthermore source C shows Lloyd George leading a new dawn of hope. On the other hand source D presents a rather different picture. Webb states that the government's National Health Insurance scheme not going far enough in providing security for the working classes, and that the 1911 scheme was principally designed to undermine

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  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: History
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How Significant were the problems that Elizabeth bequeathed to James I

How Significant were the problems that Elizabeth bequeathed to James I? During Elizabeth I's reign as queen, she revolved England in many different ways. She converted England into a protestant country from being a catholic country. The level of tolerance that she held was explicable. The citizens of England had no choice in what religion they were allowed to follow. They were either protestant or dead. Elizabeth was very true to the Anglican Church / Church of England. Elizabeth changed everything to do with religion into the significance that she wanted. She changed the language of the services from Latin into English. In 1559, church services were taught in Latin until she changed to English. As matter of fact, she converted everything into English. Education in schools was now English. This was a masterstroke for Elizabeth because:- . English was an easier language to understand for the English people as they all spoke English and Latin was a very difficult and discipline subject to understand. 2. It also took power away from the Catholic hierarchy of the church. Also, the dress code for the congregation and the priest had to be very formal and elegant. The churches at this point had to follow a certain church system; they would only be allowed to preach certain readings in English. Also, only certain hymns would be sung. In the parish churches, a priest would have

  • Word count: 1792
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: History
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