Cold war 1945-1953 - characterize the soviet policy according germany after 1945 [to the final creation of two german states] - goals and methods

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cold war 1945-1953

1. characterize the soviet policy according germany after 1945 [to the

final creation of two german states] - goals and methods

  • all countries agreed that USSR has to be privileged
  • July 45: - 4 power control council, decyzje muszą być jednogłośne, veto
  • East part of Berlin goes to USSR
  • Postdam agreement about reparations: generous to USSR, got them both from W and E part of Germany : in equipment and stuff.
  • USSR not content: Stalin wanted control over whole Ger: Ruhr Valley, St. wanted joined administration over Ruhr (but West. Didn’t allow it)
  • USSR treated their occupation zone as a territory from which compensation could be taken: USSR had stolen equipment, all types of goods, deconstruction of  industrial plants etc.
  • Exploitation of prisoners  forced labor
  • Robbing, stealing, plundering
  • It led to downfall of E.Ger economy
  • After some time attitude change: Soviet Union begins to think about stable control over Germany  process of adopting the communist policy in Ger begins
  • Economic and social reforms: nationalization of industry : they were accepted by Ger society, because they hoped for imporvment of situation and better system
  • Restrictions into political life: april 46 – new party : SUD socialist-communistic.
    Communist Party of Germany and Social Democrats merged to form Socialist Unity Party of Germany
  • 46 end of attemps to maintain common policy in gER
  • in E.part of Belin – municipal posts controlled by USSR
  • oct 46 municipal election lost by communists
  • imposing Stalinism – cooperation wit Ger communism
  • Walter Ulbricht – leader – first secretary of the socialist unity party of Ger
  • Militl. USSR control
  • After short time of free politics > soviet authorities and germ communists suppressed other parties (i.e. : arrested leaders, expelled to W zone)
  • 45 –agricultural reform
  • 46 elections – almost free, communists successful (lost in Berlin)
  • from 47 soviet began dogmatic policy, stalinistic model imposed
  • soviet reppresentant boyqottet jakiś tam meeting
  • soviet’s didn’t accepted the currency reform, used it to lay emphasis on Ussr’s part separateness, USSr said that W.countries have no right to do it, blockede of W sectors
  • Stalin hoped that if us leve berlin, then he could force them to leave GER
  • Roads, railroads , canals blocked, electricity cut off
  • Nov 48, separate municipial elections; eastern berlin confirmed division of city
  • May elections ; one list, mainly communist polit
  • Parliament created : GER Popular congress
  • OCT 49 : German Democratic Republic,

Do przeczytania:

Communist Party of Germany and Social Democrats merged to

form Socialist Unity Party of Germany on April 1946.

German Democratic Republic (East Germany) proclaimed

October 7, 1949; German Communist, Walter Ulbricht, first

secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1949-

71). Stalinization, 1949-55. East Germany joined Comecon

(see Glossary) in 1950. Workers' uprising, June 1953. East

Germany granted formal sovereignty by Soviet Union, 1954.

Joined Warsaw Pact in 1956. Berlin Wall built August 1961.

New Economic System--economic reform program, 1963-67.

Join now!

Ulbricht dismissed May 1971; Honecker named new party

leader, and détente negotiations begun. Ideological

Abgrenzung (demarcation) between East Germany and

West Germany. Four Power Agreement on Berlin, 1971. Basic

Treaty between East Germany and West Germany (1972)

recognized two German states. Admission to United Nations,

1973. Tenth Party Congress (1981) confirmed East Germany's

commitment to Soviet Union.

First Period: 1945 to 1947/48

  • Thrust of Soviet policy - eradicate material roots of Nazism 
  • Land reform 
  • Nationalisation 
  • Denazification 
  • School reform 
  • Legal reform 
  • Cultural policy 
  • Main instruments ...

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