Power struggle in attempts to find a balance between the rule of the Parliament and the monarchy. Also, Queen Elizabeth was the last of the Tudors and James brought the Stuart family into power. Thus, the new family caused conflicts.
Glorious Revolution (1688): William of Orange, husband of James’s daughter Mary, invited to invade England and seize the throne. James with almost no resistance William and Mary become the new monarchs of England. William and Mary accepted the throne and all its provisions the Bill of Rights.
When James II in England came to power he the English Parliament disqualifying Catholics from holding office, and he resigned as lord high admiral then crushed a revolt in England, and another in Scotland.
James gained supporters because he ruthless to people and gave was many supporters by his severe punishment. James attempted to win the support of the Dissenters and the Roman Catholics in 1687 by ending religious restrictions, but with this there was more trouble. When his son was born it (her mother was a roman catholic) it looked like the Roman Catholic were going to keep the “power”. The Glorious Revolution was successful and was not a very bloody war.
With this there was created a constitutional monarchy. The purpose of this was to give less power (in last word taking to the monarch) and gave more power to the Parliament. After this there was a series of battles for power and at the end William the II gain the power in England and James lost the throne went to France were he allied with King Louis XIV and attempted to be king again in Ireland but failed.
The Glorious Revolution
James II soon lost the goodwill he had inherited. He was too harsh in his suppression of a revolt by James Scott, Duke of Monmouth (an illegitimate son of Charles), in 1685; he created a standing army; and he put Roman Catholics in the government, army, and university. In 1688 his Declaration of Indulgence, allowing Dissenters and Catholics to worship freely, and the birth of a son, which set up a Roman Catholic succession, prompted James's opponents to invite William of Orange, a Protestant and stadtholder of the Netherlands and husband of the king's elder daughter, Mary, to come to safeguard Mary's inheritance. When William landed, James fled, his army having deserted to William.
William was given temporary control of the government. Parliament in 1689 gave him and Mary the crown jointly, provided that they affirm the Bill of Rights listing and condemning the abuses of James. A Toleration Act gave freedom of worship to Protestant dissenters. This revolution was called the Glorious Revolution because, unlike that of 1640 to 1660, it was bloodless and successful: Parliament was sovereign and England prosperous. It was a victory of Whig principles and Tory pragmatism. John Locke's Two Treatises of Government (1690) provided an attractive theoretical justification for it.
Those who would not swear allegiance to the new monarchs were called nonjurors or Jacobites—Jacobus being Latin for James. The Jacobites were most numerous among the Roman Catholics in the Scottish Highlands and in Ireland. Both areas were subdued, but at a cost of the Massacre of Glencoe in Scotland and the Battle of the Boyne (see Boyne, Battle of the) and greater repression of Roman Catholics in Ireland.
- Elizabeth 1603 die Tudor dynasty became extinct
- King James VI of Scotland (Stuart line of rulers) = James I of England
- Didn’t understand about law in England
- He thought of that his power he received his power from G’ and that got the parliament of center because they were use to work together with the king.
- He refused to accept the Anglican religious supported the monarchical authority.
- Charles I (his son) comes to power the conflict that had started with his parents came to head
- The parliament tells the king to sing a contract that says that he cant charge taxes before consulting them. __He agrees and then retracts because he looses a lot of power___----
- He tries to do it his own way and searches ways to charge taxes his own way, and the lower-middle class gets mad about this
- People were also disturbed because the king left an ambiguous message about his religious tendency (his wife was catholic)
- The king and the archbishop Laud tried to impose the angelical book of prayers the Scots revolted
- The King calls the parliament
- The parliament & king agree to give the king less power (took all the taxes back)
- Then the king tries to arrest some members of the parliament (who were more radical) and England slips into a civil war
- The parliament wins the first phase of it and created an army directed by Oliver Cromwell (New Model Army) formed by puritans (they thought they were fighting for the LORD)
- The Parliament splits one side wants Charles I with a Presbyterian state church. So Charles wants help from the Scottish and for that Cromwell gets mad and starts a second civil war. Oliver wins and kills Charles and he sets the country how he wants.
- The parliament decides to abolish monarchy and make England a common wealth
constitutional monarchy
con·sti·tu·tion·al mon·ar·chy (plural con·sti·tu·tion·al mon·ar·chies) noun
1. political system: a political system in which the head of state is a king or queen ruling to the extent allowed by a constitution
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royal-ruled country: a country with a constitutional monarchy
Constitutional Monarchy
constitutional monarchy vs absolute (divine)
James I SCOTISH comes to England stuard family main thing he ruled with the divine right –bigest problems, ideas on religion (check his views) so he conflicted with parliament and puritans-they are in parliament dies.
- Petition of right. Tax rules
- Ship money taxes the people paid for protection
- Puritans hate the Anglican church and want to make it pure and this
- leads to the English civil war
- Charles is capture and looses power
- Oliver Cromwell goes to war against him COMONWEALTH
1649 end of civil war Charles I is executed
restoration of monarchy this helps to get the monarchy thing back
James II sympathetic Catholicism but he eventually gave into the catholic church
∙ James II (1685-88): Brother of Charles I, openly Catholic, James vs. Parliament on his strong support for Catholicism.
*Glorious Revolution (1688): William of Orange, husband of James’s daughter Mary, invited to invade England and seize the throne. James with almost no resistance William and Mary become the new monarchs of England. William and Mary accepted the throne and all its provisions of a Declaration of Rights.
Who: James I, English Parliament, Charles I, Oliver Cromwell, Charles II, James II, William of Orange and Mary
Why: Power struggle in attempts to find a balance between the rule of the Parliament and the monarchy. Also, Queen Elizabeth was the last of the Tudors and James brought the Stuart family into power. Thus, the new family caused conflicts.
divine right
di·vine right noun
monarch’s supposed God-given right: the belief that the monarch’s authority comes directly from God rather than from the people
Cromwell governed as Lord Protector from 1653 to 1658 under England’s only written constitution
