How far do you agree that, from 1924, Mussolini and his Fascists were in total control of the Italian state?
How far do you agree that, from 1924, Mussolini and his Fascists were in total control of the Italian state?
From 1926 Mussolini was the undisputed dictator of Italy, having fully centralized power to him. Using propaganda as tool to influence the masses, Il Duce established a cult of the personality which was successful in creating a feeling of admiration towards Mussolini. Whilst brutality was a method of achieving control, Mussolini preferred to neutralize potential threats on a basis of mutual understanding that any threat to his power would be dealt with harshly.
The destruction of democracy in 1924 and 1925 helped path the way towards total control. The banning of rival political parties and enforced press censorship, in 1926, resulted in Mussolini being the only influence on the Italian people and this would allow him to project his views upon the nation with no alternative to contradict him. The dissolution of all trade unions furthered this by removing much of the power which the workers had enjoyed whilst also preventing any future general strike action. Mussolini saw, in propaganda, a way in which he would be able to indoctrinate the Italian people into becoming loyal subjects to him. Mussolini was able to write the official version of events without challenge which unsurprising led to constant radio broadcasts and editorials praising Mussolini and the joys of fascism. It is notable that the propaganda was extreme meaning that ordinary Italians would find it difficult to remain sheltered from it even in the south, and that it focussed heavily on Mussolini’s personal achievements and greatness. Depicted as the new Caesar, Il Duce was wanted to maintain an image of supremacy and of benevolence and was willing to make bold statements such as claiming that he worked for twenty hours a day to achieve a greater Italy. Whilst this cult of the personality was not as believed as with the likes of Stalin, Mussolini was widely liked and revered by Italians before 1935 and this genuine admiration allowed him to strengthen his position.