When the Second World War took place, many of the peoples of the world and its states were lying in wait for Britain, thus Britain faced an imminent danger which nearly destroyed her had America not come to her rescue by entering the Second World War. However, this time America did not enter the war to help Britain, but rather to colonise the world. She set about uprooting the colonial powers from their colonies, only to replace them by herself. She started to look at the world as her own sphere of influence, and deemed herself the successor of the colonial powers in their respective colonies. Hence, she played a major role in removing the influence of Britain and France and she is still pursuing them. The struggle was between America and Britain because France was weak. Hence, America succeeded in making a formidable entrance into the world's political stage and became the leader of the "free world". She established the Western camp whose states embrace the Capitalist ideology. She started to work towards spreading this ideology by the force of colonialism. However, this struggle between America and Britain was not to the extent in which America wanted to exterminate Britain, but rather a struggle with the aim of sharing in the influence and the spoils. This became apparent when America encouraged Musaddaq to rebel against Britain and proceed towards nationalising the oil companies. Eventually Britain submitted to America and allowed her to have 60% of the shares in the oil companies. America went on to collaborate with Britain in crushing this revolution once she gained what she had wanted. It also became apparent when America encouraged Abdul-Karim Qassim to occupy Kuwait in order to threaten the British oil companies in there; again Britain submitted to America and accepted her as a partner in the Kuwaiti oil. Consequently, America ordered Abdul-Karim Qassim to retract his threat. This struggle was limited because America deemed Britain to be the only country that she could rely on in any confrontation or clash with the Eastern Camp.
Russia invaded the Eastern European states during the Second World War and formed from them the Eastern Camp whose states embraced the Communist ideology. Russia set about attempting to spread this ideology throughout the world by establishing Communist parties and backing them with all types of support in order to generate turmoil, strife and "feudal contradictions" in every country that did not follow the Socialist system. As for France, she waned once she had lost her colonies in the Far East and Africa and, despite De Gaulle's attempts to revive her, she is still below Britain and without influence in the world though she is still deemed a major power.
By reviewing the status of the major powers, it emerges that there exists a division between the states of the Western Camp, which led to the weakness of all its states save America. She remained the leading superpower and her position was strengthened despite the political manoeuvring and the military activities of Britain in order to curb her dominion. On the other side of the coin, there was the Eastern Camp that came into being solely on the basis of the Communist ideology. Russia led it intellectually and militarily. The policy of the Eastern Camp was based on the impossibility of a peaceful existence between Capitalism and Socialism. All the Communist books refer to the impossibility of coexistence between the two ideologies. No Communist politician, ruler or otherwise, was allowed to proceed in the policy of peaceful coexistence between Capitalism and Communism because it was deemed a deviation from the Communist idea in foreign policy.
This struggle continued consistently between the two camps and they remained in a state of acute conflict. The cold war waged on between them and each side was on constant alert for a possible war. This went on until Bulganin and Khrushchev came to power. A new school of thought came into being and brought a new interpretation of Communism that agreed with Russia's interests. Hence, they made attempts at bridging the gap with America and establishing stronger links with her. These contacts started to widen to include all the international issues that could be the source of difference between them. These contacts resulted in the crucial summit between Khrushchev and Kennedy in Vienna in June 1961. During this summit, a general agreement was reached between the two sides over all the international issues. Hence, Russia relinquished an important idea from an international viewpoint, namely the continuous hostility between Communism and Capitalism. Instead she embraced the idea of peaceful coexistence in its Capitalist sense. As for America, she realised that Britain was working against her and was attempting to rival her for the spoils. She also realised that it was Britain who used to add fuel to the fire of this cold war and that Britain's aim was to keep her in a state of attrition in which she would deplete her riches and faculties, thus weakening her gradually. Having realised this, America started to narrow the gap between her and Russia and she attempted to engage in a dialogue ever since the days of Eisenhower and before Kennedy took office. No sooner had Kennedy taken office, than he set about completing the rapprochement between Russia and America until the aforementioned summit took place between him and Khrushchev. Hence, America abandoned the idea of abolishing Communism and wiping it out from the world's map. This summit led to the two superpowers agreeing to share the areas of influence in the world. In order to achieve this aim, they agreed on several issues that would enable them to proceed towards the aspired goal. With regard to China, they agreed to ask her to accept the principle of peaceful coexistence which Russia had accepted, to limit the scope of her activity in the Pacific, while refraining from any activity in the Indian Ocean and consequently in Africa and Western Asia and to sign the treaty banning the spread of nuclear weapons. In return, China was offered a place in the Nuclear Club, which includes America, Russia, Britain and France, to be the tertiary state in it. If China were to reject these terms, a limited conflict between her and America would be ignited, leading to a change in China's government and Communist party, to be replaced by a party loyal to Russia and a government that would accept the idea of peaceful coexistence. It appears that this proposal was made to China but she rejected it. Hence, Russia applied some pressure on China through her agents within China, while America took upon herself the more sensitive side of the pressure aimed at China, namely a limited war. America instigated a fabricated war between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. The plan of the two superpowers against China is still going on. As for Britain, Russia and America agreed to dismantle all the military bases throughout the world and expel Britain from all what she had left in terms of colonies, under the pretext of ending colonialism and giving the colonies their independence. They agreed to uproot Britain from the Far East as a whole, from the Middle East as a whole and from Africa. They went on chasing Britain until she was forced to take a decision to pull out her troops from East Suez. What is witnessed in terms of crisis in the Middle East is but part of the actions undertaken by the two superpowers to uproot the British presence.
As for Germany, the two superpowers agreed to uproot the military threat forever by keeping Germany as two states, East and West, and determining this division by establishing a federation between them. They agreed to prevent Germany from acquiring nuclear weapons and restrict her military industry. They also agreed on a specific status for Europe as a whole, namely to prevent its states from establishing unity between them, for this would make America lose her status in the "free world". Hence, America allowed Russia a free rein in Eastern Europe, to maintain them under her dominion within the Communist camp, even if this led to occupation by force. In return, America was given a free rein to discipline China, who started to rival Russia over the leadership of the Communist camp. Hence, the two camps have disappeared and there are no international camps in the world at the moment. The international situation has radically changed since the First World War and up until now i.e. it became isolated states, each one aiming to gain the spoils and weakening other states. Two superpowers, America and Russia, now control the international situation. A politician must have information about this international situation and pursue it constantly so that matters become clear to him and so that through the political analysis he is able to give his opinion on every political event, thus his judgement becomes closer to soundness and realism.