Alarm Systems Analysis

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Introduction

There have been a number of burglaries in the area in which the Peterson family are living; thus they have become increasingly interested in Control Technology in their home.

They have contacted me, and my task is to prepare a report, which advises them upon various alarm systems, also considering fire detection systems.

I am going to provide the Peterson's with two reports, one outlining a basic security system for the family, and the other a more advanced top of the range system. This will give the family the necessary information to decide which system would suit their needs the most as well as being within their price range.

In the reports I shall inform them in detail what should go into the system, prices, and the best places to install the various components in their home.

Sensors

Many different types of sensors could be used for various security and fire systems. There are sensors that detect movement, or a change in light, or temperature. Below is a list of some that could be used.

Mercury Tilt Switch - This is placed inside a device, and if that device is moved or tilted in any way it causes a blob of mercury to complete a circuit by touching contacts. This is often used in vending machines, or machines that contain money or goods that might cause people to tilt the machine to attempt to get the goods out. In the Peterson's home this type of sensor could be used on doors or windows to detect whether they are opened.

Light Sensor - This is a sensor that can detect a change in lighting levels. These types of sensors are often used with streetlights, and detect when it is dark enough for the streetlights to be turned on. This could also be used for a security light outside the Peterson's house, which will switch on when it is dark.

Push Sensor - These sensors create a circuit, which can turn on a light. These are often used on car or fridge doors, switching a light on when the door is opened.

Temperature Sensor - A sensor that detects a change in temperature, they are often used to within central heating systems to help in keeping the temperature of a house constant. This could be used to detect a fire, as there will be a rise of temperature in the event of a fire.

Sound Sensor - Used to record the level of sound, usually from places where loud music is being played.

Proximity Sensor - These sensors are made in two halves, and a signal is activated if the two halves are moved away from one another. They are often seen on windows. The Peterson's could use sensors like these to activate a signal if their windows are opened when the alarm is set, as this could indicate somebody trying to get in.

Basic Security System

This basic security system is designed for somebody that simply wants and needs a basic level of protection, and/or may be unable to afford a costly top of the range system.

The equipment which is to be included in the basic security system is as follows:

Basic control panel (1)

The basic control panel more or less operates the whole system. Usually it would be about the size of an A4 piece of paper, and 2 inches thick. It would need to have a keypad, which would allow a unique PIN to be set so that the alarm system can be switched on and off. It will need to be connected to the sensors and the bell box so that the sensors could send signals when movement was detected, and so that it could send signals to the bell box to activate the alarm. This may result in a lot of unsightly wiring around the house, which could cause problems.

There would only need to be one of these in the house because only one control panel is needed per system. This would be placed in the cupboard under the stairs, so that the alarm system could be accessed easily so it can be switched on and off, as it is fairly close to both the entrance and exits of the house. It also will be hidden from view in the cupboard, so it will not clutter up any other area of the house or be an eye sore.

Infra red movement sensor (4)

These sensors will detect movement in a room when the alarm system is on. They send an infrared beam into the room and when this beam is broken a signal will be sent along a wire to the control panel, which in turn will set off an alarm.

They should be placed in key areas, which could be containing important things that the family wants to protect, or leading into areas containing important items. I have decided to place them in 4 rooms, but not areas that the main doors lead into the house, as somebody could come into the house and not have chance to deactivate the alarm system before the alarm is set off. They should be placed away from windows so that they cannot detect movement outside the house and set off the alarm when there isn't an intruder. The areas I am going to place these in are the living room, the dining room, the upstairs landing and the hall. I only placed one upstairs because it is more likely any intruders would enter via a door or window in the lower part of the house, since climbing in through an upstairs window takes longer, and would mean that they would be very visible and more likely to get caught. The PIR on the landing upstairs will immediately detect them should they venture upstairs.

If a family have pets, it is possible that they could actually set off the alarm by the PIRs detecting their movement, so something named a pet guard is available. This only sends the infrared beams above a certain height, so that they cannot detect animals fairly low on the floor.

Alarm box (Self-actuating sounder) (1)

It is essential that an alarm box be placed in the system, as otherwise there will be no alert to possible break-ins. This will also have a flashing light, which will allow it to be seen by people also. If, for example, one of the movement sensors detects a movement inside the house, it will send a signal to the control panel, which will send a signal to the alarm box meaning that the house alarm will be set off.

There only needs to be one, as two might create more noise and attract more attention, but it is unnecessary. This will be placed outside on the front of the roof, above the two top windows of the house. This is because it will then be more likely to be heard by more people in the area when it is activated, and even when the alarm stops the flashing light will be very easily visible.

Magnetic door contact (2)

When a door is either opened or closed, this creates a circuit that will set an alarm off. These would be useful at night so that the family would know when anybody was entering the house, or if an intruder somehow managed to obtain a house key then this would alert the family/people in the area that somebody was entering the house that shouldn't be.

I am going to place these on the two main doors which lead into the house, as they would be no use on any doors inside the house since that would mean that the intruder was already in the house.

Stand by battery

This will be needed in case of a power cut, as if there wasn't a stand by battery then the alarm system would be rendered useless in the event of a power cut since it does depend upon the house having power. If the is a power cut then the stand by battery will be activated meaning that the house will still be protected. This shall be kept in the small cupboard under the stairs, along with the control box, as then it will be out of the way but still accessible if need be.
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Smoke detector (2)

These will detect any smoke in the house and activate an alarm. Smoke alarms are fairly small, and they are usually placed on the ceiling, since smoke rises. Being placed on the ceiling they are fairly discreet and unnoticeable.

I am going to place them on the landing, and in the hall. On the landing because smoke rises, and also if I just placed one downstairs and a fire begins upstairs then the fire would not be detected. In the hall so that fires downstairs can be detected. I chose the hall ...

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