Various computing questions

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Q=1    EXPLAIN IN DETAIL

  1. TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS.

It is the processing in which a system  respond to a user’s command   to carry out some operation to and fro. The  request or command is called TRANSACTION, and the system carrying it out is called TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM e.g cash machines. Transaction processing systems are the systems working at a low level of any organizational structure being operated by data entry operators etc to collect and store data which is needed to be transported then to decisional level of organisations. But it is important to make sure nothing goes wrong at this level of handling data before it is transported to upper level to be manipulated and then making decisions based on information provided.

“There is some support for the propositions that

(1) Transaction processing systems should be able to be managed within each work group in an organisation, managed that is with respect to work stations in use and functionality available on those workstations.

(2) exhibit very little model behaviour.

(3) support a high degree of operator independence or asynchornity.”

REFERNCE:

There are  9 types of transaction processing models

1: Batch systems:

2: Monitor systems :

3: Time sharing systems

4: Advanced virtual terminal front end systems

5: Client server systems

6: Electronic mail and forms

7: Database based groupware

8: (IVR) systems

9: (EDI) systems

“Transaction processing systems are information systems which collect data and

distribute operational data both within and between organisations. The wide

spread use of networks and personal computers (used as terminals) has provided

feasible new options for the design of transaction processing systems”

  1. DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS:

 Decision Support Systems (DSS) are a class of computerized information

systems that support decision-making activities. DSS are interactive computer-based systems and subsystems intended to help decision

makers use communications technologies, data, documents, knowledge

and/or models to successfully complete decision process tasks”

 

      Reference: http://dssresources.com/

Decision support systems are the computer information application  

which collects and analyze   data and then present it to the decision making

people of organisation i.e managers . decision support system as the name

suggest help and support managers to make effective ,right and timely decisions.

These systems store and process data at a much higher and efficient speed and

then represent the information in multiple forms which could be regular text ,

graphical representation, numerical etc which really enable managers to come

up with timely and right decisions.

As the decision makers could be different so can be the systems as

some work individually while other work in teams there are  differences in

decision contexts, types, and makers.

There are certain common traits that decision-making processes tend to exhibit. They

typically involve the phases of intelligence, design, and choice. They are very much

concerned with the recognition and subsequent solution of problems. A decision-

making episode is a flow of problem solving episodes. Decision-making processes are

based on strategies to guide the flow. Some common strategies include optimizing,

satisficing, and incrementalism. Decision support systems can help in any of the

phases, in problem recognition and solution efforts, and in the implementation of

various strategies.

Reference:

A Knowledge-Based Approach (ISBN 0-324-03578-0)

By  Thomson Learning Custom Publishing

      C: EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS:

Organizations are becoming heavily dependent on  some sort of information systems and to overcome the load at higher management level , executive information system was derived  in order to minimize the pressure and over whelming load in order to carry out executive level duties and  help the executives to control other information systems already working like DSS etc. As executive information system is specifically designed to meet the needs of executive level of organization it comes with all right kind of programs, softwares etc which can really help executives to manage and maintain  their daily work and there ever expanding information systems.

EIS help top management to analyze , check and closely observe whatever is going internally and externally. For particulary larger organization there is huge amount of informational data in several forms to be monitored periodically coming from all

other information systems working in and around organization. As in todays ever

expanding business horizon there is competition , media war, watch dogs and regulatory agencies are all concern about business practices, which put a lot of strain

on top management to keep their organization on fit and firm grounds. For this and in order to make timely and accurate decisions coming from the information systems working at low level of organization Executive Information System is needed to access and utilize that information.These information systems require heavy duty expenditures in order to install , run and maintain. Also it is very necessary to have user friendly interface and executives involvement in order to design and implement the EIS . This information system help determine root cause of any problem as it quickly identifies the loop hole and gives drill-down mechanism to find underlying problems.

Q=3   EXPLAIN THE VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER?                                     EXPLAIN IN DETAIL ANY 5 INPUT AND 5 OUTPUT DEVICES.

VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER:

Computer is not just any other ordinary mechanic device like TV or RADIO etc. It’s a much complex machine which should be better called as system, as it

comprise of many components, devices , applications ,programs etc etc.  There are various components of computer  which are as follows:

1: CPU

2: PROCESSORS

3: MOTHERBOARD

4 : INTERFACES

5: CHIPSETS

6: SYSTEM MEMORY

7: MOBILE COMPUTING

8: OPERATING SYSTEMS

9: STORAGE DEVICES

     (a) Hard disks

           (b) CD –ROM

           (c) CD-R/CD RW

           (d) DVD

           (e) Tape technology

            (f) Floppy disk

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10:  MULTIMEDIA  DEVICES

        (a) graphic card

        (b) sound card

              (c) digital video

              (d) CRT monitors

        (e) Panel display

11: INPUT DEVICES

  1. Mouse:

Mouse is the input device for navigation and  interacting. It could be a

built in feature as is in laptops or can be attached externally. Mouse has three

main functions, Left key, right key and Drag. The information or command

made through mouse is treated ...

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