Exam question

Explain why the pattern of population change in some countries does not follow that predicted by the demographic transition model.

The Demographic transition model is a model used to explain the process of shift from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates as part of the economic development of a country. It is based on the development of the UK. The DTM is based on a generalized picture of population change over time based on European studies assuming that all countries will go through the stages 1 to 4. It believes population will change due to birth rates and death rates. There are variables and exceptions such as war and turmoil that may lead to different results. The original demographic transition model has 4 stages;

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  • In stage one, pre-industrial society, death rates and birth rates are high.
  • In stage two, the death rates drop rapidly due to improvements in food supply and sanitation, which increase life spans and reduce disease. These changes usually come about due to improvements in farming techniques, access to technology, basic healthcare, and education. There is a large increase in .
  • In stage three, birth rates fall due to access to , increases in wages, , a reduction in , an increase in the status and education of women, a reduction in the value of children's ...

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