A sports person would want to be in balance when they are at their normal training day and not looking so massive gains. This is mainly referring to any sports person who wants to stay at their optimum weight.
When they would want to make massive gains in their training they would want to be at a negative energy balance so they are giving out more calories than taking in. A sporting example for this would be someone playing in a weight category sport and need to lose weight quickly.
On a day when the athlete is playing a game they would want to be more positively balanced because they will be wanting a lot of energy for the game and to be at thier best.
Calorie and joules
To get energy it needs food as a fuel and oxygen to burn it. The amount of energy foods can produce is measured in units called calories. A food calorie, or kilocalorie, is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius. The body changes the calories in food into energy, which is necessary for every act from blinking an eye to running a race. Energy is also used for the growing process, for rebuilding damaged cells, and for regulating body systems.
Food energy is measured in kilojoules. The common term for this used to be Calorie, but kilojoules is the term. This unit of measurement allows us to look at how much energy a food contains and how much energy is burned up during exercise. One Calorie has the same energy value as 4.186 kilojoules.
The number of calories needed each day depends upon how much energy an individual's body uses.
Basal metabolism rate (BMR)
The rate that energy is produced it is the basal metabolism rate. BMR can be responsible for burning up to 70% of the total calories expended, but this figure varies due to different factors. Calories are burned by bodily processes such as respiration, the pumping of blood around the body and maintenance of body temperature. BMR is the largest factor in determines your overall metabolic rate and how many calories you need to maintain, lose or gain weight. BMR is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, such as: Genetics – some people are born with a faster metabolism. Gender - Men have a greater muscle mass and a lower body fat percentage. This means they have a higher basal metabolic rate. Age – BMR reduces with age.
Energy Sources
To find the amount of calories in your food, you need to find the number of CHO
Thermic affect of activity
Anaerobic activity can increase metabolism for hours after exercise has finished. Depending on the intensity of the exercise it can be between 3 to 14 hours after exercise has finished.
Thermic affect of feeding
Thermic affect of feeding is the increase in expenditure above due to the cost of processing for storage and use. It is one of the components of along with the , and the component.
Adaptive thermogenisis (AT)
Adaptive thermogenesis represents the way the body responds to stress whether it is emotional or environmental for example, changes in temperature. Typically, stressful situations results in an increase in calories burned.