Ability is innate, people say but it can be developed upon.
“Basic skills can be developed upon with the correct learning environment but however without innate ability you will never become a super star”.
(Heinemann)
From this definition we can see that the ability that you are born with innate, can be developed upon but you still need the correct basic skills to perform it correctly. A technique in trampolining would be the hyperextension at the top of a straight jump.
Technique can be practiced and is the correct way of carrying out a motor programme.
“Technique is often confused with skill due to the strong link between the three components. To perform a skill in sport we must learn the required technique, in order to learn the technique fully, we must have the abilities”.
(Heinemann)
SKILL=ABILITY+TECHNIQUE
This structured practice is going to show the difference between skill, ability and technique and how they are interlinked and based on badminton. There is a warm-up (pulse raiser, mobilizing/stretching and re-warm) development, continuum, cool down and then an evaluation session (session planner).
This structured practice will be for a beginner that will be taught one on one. The drill would be taught with a group of ten. To break down a drill of a long serve in badminton you would break up the group and have them practice it on their own, as soon as they had mastered the skill they could then perform it in front of a coach or teacher. After the teacher has given them feedback and guidance, they could incorporate it into a game, competing five against five.
To improve your skill you could, draw a target on a wall and practice shots to improve on your accuracy for a structured practice. The abilities that you need are hand eye coordination to be able to meet the shuttle with your racket as you watch it flight path, you would also need flexibility to make sure that you can move to return the shuttle to a opponent whilst in a structured practice. The technique is a long service. Here it shows that with hard strong and willing practice, anyone can improve upon the skill whereas the abilities which are named can be improved through time, also rising will be your ability levels and therefore the technique being carried out correctly will be the skill and abilities joining together. To insure that the skill is being performed correctly you would need to give coaching points relating to the sport, which are as follows; -
1) Standing sideways
2) Wrist cocked, elbow quite tight to body
3) Focus on target
4) Wrist uncocked as lower arm follows through
5) Weight transferred forward to hit shuttle
6) Shoulders rotating
7) At point of impact arm straight and racquet face open
8) Follow through with right leg and body towards net
Before showing the player the technique of how to hit a long service, you would have to show them the basics like the grip of the racquet, how to hold the shuttle the footwork and wear to stand at the service T.
To bring into a structured practice,
1) You would start of with hoops out which suit either singles or doubles, practicing it around three times
2) Serving five times, showing a partner how accurate your serves can be into the hoops
3) Then bring in a partner, moving the hoops so that the partner can stand in place were the hoops should be and see if they can return the shuttle to them.
4) Finally bring the long service into a structured practice.
The warm up goes as follows: -
Figure 1.1
Mobilizing shoulders-circle arms making sure that your arm brush your ears, stretching your deltoid and trapezius in the process.
Neck (Trapezius) tilting your head into your shoulder and then moving it down and round, but not right back because you create a risk of injury.
Upper arm/back (deltoids) Teres muscles
Obliques Back (lumbar)
Groin Hip flexors
Quads Hamstrings
Gastronomies Soleus
Mobilizing ankles and wrists.
Below is a diagram showing how to develop a skill
Figure 1.2
Motivation
Stimulus → Response
Reinforcement
(Paul Boyle)
For a cool down, do the stretches as shown in figure 1.1 and a light jog turning into a walk, to bring pulse back down to resting state.
Feedback is closely linked with guidance. Guidance is used before and during sport but feedback is used after sport.
There is visual guidance, which is
“Understanding the what and how of the skill ”
E.g. badminton-hoops on ground for service target. Verbal guidance supports visual guidance e.g. hyper extends into move “toes trail bed”. Manual/mechanical guidance supports awareness (feeling) e.g. short serve or clear (swing wrist action).
There are six types of feedback, which are positive, negative, extrinsic/augmented, and intrinsic, terminal and concurrent feedback. Positive feedback encourages beginners so that they know what to repeat, and negative feedback lets beginner’s know what they are doing wrong so that they can master the skill that is being taught to them.
How do skill, ability and technique relate into the warm-up, feedback, guidance etc. Relating skill, ability and technique to a long serve in badminton.
Figure 1.3
(PICTURE OF BADMINTON COURT)
(Google; badminton court)
Bibliography-Skill standards development-projects-Texas
Galligan et al 2000;advanced pe for edexcel; heinemann educational
Badminton booklet
Google search engine; badminton court
Book-rules of the game-paddington press LTD
Word count-1,155
