BRIEFLY EXPLAIN ONE ALTERNATIVE TO THE MULTI-STORE MODEL OF MEMORY AND CONSIDER THE STRENGTHS AND/OR LIMITATIONS OF THIS MODEL.

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BRIEFLY EXPLAIN ONE ALTERNATIVE TO THE MULTI-STORE MODEL OF MEMORY AND CONSIDER THE STRENGTHS AND/OR LIMITATIONS OF THIS MODEL.

Other than the multi-store model there are other models of memory, the one that we will look at is the levels of processing model. This model is more detailed than the multi-store model. Craik and Lockhart explained that long-term memories are formed through processing rather than rehearsal and the deeper the experience is processed the more memorable it would be.

        In this model there are two ways that information can be formed which are; deep encoding processes and long-term memories are formed or rehearsal and lower level processing which forms primary memory which is like short-term memory. Craik and Lockhart call it primary memory as it is a flexible processing rather than a limited store as shown in the multi-store model.

        There are five types of processing, these are; depth, organisation, distinctiveness, elaboration and effort.

A limitation of this model is that research done by Morris et al. who did a similar experiment to Craik and Tulving showed that there are more possible explanations to memory. Craik and Tulving gave their participants a list of common nouns and they were then asked to answer three types of questions about these words such as (taken from book); analysis of the physical structure (shallow processing): a participant might be asked ‘Is the word printed in capital letters?’ An analysis of sound (phonemic processing), for example: ‘Does the word rhyme with “train”?’ Or an analysis of meaning (deeper processing), such as: ‘Is the word a type of fruit?’ They concluded that deeper processing leads to enhanced memory.

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        Whereas Morris et al. asked the participants to recall words that rhymed with words on the original list. From this it was concluded that those that had been phonemically processed were more remembered rather than those that were deeply processed.

Another limitation is that there is an unclear meaning to depth processing. What is meant by deeper processing? The definition is called a circular definition. Although there has been further research done to try and extend on the meaning of depth, explaining it as an increasingly complex interaction with the information that is to be remembered.


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