Essay Plan
Deprivation is the loss of something. The term is most often used in the fields of maternal; deprivation, where the child is deprived of the love of the primary attachment figure.
Deprivation implies that the separation has entailed some bond distribution-separation plus disruption or loss of attachments.
Short term effects
Long-term effects
There are other studies such as Spitz and Wolf 1946 and Robertson and Robertson 1971.
An evaluation of maternal D H shows more evidence came from children in institutions- who where deprived in many ways. Others from deprivation (e.g. physical deprivation)
Not all research has found that separations lead to maladjustment. Therefore it would no appear that separation does not have harmful effects, as long as bond distribution is minimized.
Other studies which influence later behaviour other than deprivation.
Conclusion
From the studies above we can come to a conclusion that the following ...
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Long-term effects
There are other studies such as Spitz and Wolf 1946 and Robertson and Robertson 1971.
An evaluation of maternal D H shows more evidence came from children in institutions- who where deprived in many ways. Others from deprivation (e.g. physical deprivation)
Not all research has found that separations lead to maladjustment. Therefore it would no appear that separation does not have harmful effects, as long as bond distribution is minimized.
Other studies which influence later behaviour other than deprivation.
Conclusion
From the studies above we can come to a conclusion that the following conclusions are the main effects of deprivation. Separations can have important effects but this isn’t always the case. Various research studies into deprivation are very diverse: reasons for separations are very different, length of separations vary, number of separations vary, there may or may not be bond distribution as a result of the separation, some of the studies are actually cases of privation. Early research sometimes confused deprivation and privation (notably Bowlby).
In the short term, protest-despair detachment occurs if adequate substitute emotional support is not given. Because monotropy seems incorrect it follows that separation from the mother could be compensated for by the presence of another attachment figure and this does seem to be the case. Short-term foster care or maintaining visits to the attachment figure significantly alleviates the child’s distress.
Prolonged separation may lead some children to experience anaclitic depression but this depends on many individual variables (Barrett 1997).
One of the most important conclusions from the research is that the problems experienced by children in deprivation studies cannot necessarily be attributed to separation from attachment figures. Deprivation is associated with many other variables: physical neglect, lack of substitute care, discord in the home, and poor relationships prior to separation. It may be these that are correlated with later difficulties and not separation per se.
Even when damage is done, it is not irreversible. Tizard and Hodges (1978) showed that later adopted children could develop positive relationships with others despite early deprivation. Clarke and Clarke (1976) presented a number of case studies of children that showed that careful therapy could help them overcome earlier difficulties. Because there is no critical period for human attachment, profound developmental effects as a result of short-term separations are not likely.
The long-term effects of deprivation are less clear but: separations do not necessarily lead to any psychological problems. Too much of the evidence is correlation and does not consider that a third variable/factor may explain both separations and later problems. Parental separation may mean that there is increasing discord at the time, or later, or perhaps less supervision of the child given by a single parent. These latter variables might be the real causes of the delinquency, not the separation itself. No clear casual link can be inferred between separation and developmental problems and delinquency.
