Discuss research (theories and/orstudies) relating to the dissolution of relationships.

This model focuses on the processes before break-up becomes inevitable. Lee proposed this model after conducting much research on the basis of over 100 premarital romantic break-ups. The exposure and negotiation stages are the most intense and exhausting. Duck (1982) proposed a similar stage model, consisting of four phases:

1. Intrapsychic – thinking about negative aspects of one’s partner.
2. Dyadic – confronting partner with the negative thoughts.
3. Social – deciding what to do from this stage on.
4. Grave-dressing – communicating a socially acceptable account of the end of the relationship.

Both of the above models give good advice on how to deal with the dissolution of a relationship but neither gives an answer to the question “why do some relationships dissolve and others do not?”

To give an answer to this question, Duck (1992) suggested that risk factors may be the cause of the dissolution of relationships. He identified several factors which are classified as predisposing (internal factors such as the personalities of the two people) and precipitating (external factors such as job loss) factors. Jealousy and infidelity are two common precipitating factors, this is related to insecurity about the relationship (Salovey 1991). But this suggestion cannot be completely reliable because many relationships are maintained despite these factors. A further factor is gender difference.

According to the vulnerability-stress-adaptation model put forward by Karney & Bradbury (1995) there are three major factors that determine marital quality and stability or duration. They are: vulnerability, stress and adaptation. All three may result in a vicious cycle, thus leading to a breakdown. One strength is that it shows how the three variables interact in different ways to reduce marital quality. A criticism is that it only focuses on internal factors, as Levinger (1976) argued, factors external to the marriage also effect marital stability.