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Discuss two or more biological therapies for schizophrenia

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  • Essay length: 701 words
  • Submitted: 11/05/2012
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AS and A Level The Psychology of Individual Differences

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Discuss two or more biological therapies for schizophrenia (9 + 16)

Biological therapies for schizophrenia come in two forms: antipsychotic medication, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Considering the eclectic nature of schizophrenia as a disorder, the debate over appropriate and effective treatment is heated, and many psychologists are still unclear over which is the ideal method for tackling the disorder.

Antipsychotic medications are commonly divided into two categories: conventional and atypical. Conventional antipsychotics bind to dopamine receptors but do not stimulate them, blocking the way for displaced dopamine to cause a chemical imbalance in a schizophrenic's biology. By reducing the effects of dopamine, positive symptoms such as hallucinations can be reduced, in line with the view of the dopamine hypothesis. Whilst atypical antipsychotics also act on the dopamine system, it is debated whether the drugs' ability to reduce negative symptoms such as avolition stems from a varying way of dealing with the dopamine system, or, alternatively, the additional effect of blocking serotonin. Kapur and Remington suggested in 2001 that whilst conventional antipsychotics block dopamine receptors long-term, atypical medication does so temporarily, before dissociating to allow normal transmission of the chemical.

The differing ways in which the drugs

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Review of essay

Reviewed by: sydneyhopcroft

Rating: 5 star(s)

Response to the question

An absolutely outstanding essay. This will easily obtain full marks due to the profound levels of detail shown by the candidate. After explaining what both drug treatments (conventional and atypical) and ECT are, the candidate goes on to analyse the strengths and weakness of the procedures in a very succinct and highly confident way. The written expression is clear and exceptionally precise - there are very few 'spare' words here that do not elicit marks; the candidate has taken care to ensure that they use specialist terminology where appropriate, and the balanced argument is presented coherently and non-prescriptively, which is the danger of some essays like this. The candidate has avoided the very pre-set formula that many Psychology many students are guided with when answering essays - though not a bad formula, to see candidates confident enough to venture beyond it and use their own analytical techniques is something examiners having to many thousands of the same essays will value greatly.

Level of analysis

The Level of Analysis here is exceptional. It goes hand in hand with the extremely proficient level of depth giving to the explanation of both treatments for psychosis. The candidate shows an excellent ability to provide advantages and disadvantages with ECT and drug treatments, citing appropriate studies and their evidence - in great detail - to fortify their answer. The candidate applies all appropriate specialist vocabulary like "relapse" and "antipsychotics" to show the examiner they are aware of the language psychologists use to describe mental disorders and their characteristics, which is indicative of someone who has clearly taken the time to appreciate the language of Psychology so that they can clearly, precisely and accurately word their essays. The candidate would expect to achieve full marks (25/25) and a firm A grade for this essay.

Quality of writing

The Quality of Written Communication (QWC) follows trend from the rest of the essay. Before coursework submission, this candidate must have taken extra precaution to ensure that their QWC is perfect as there are no grammatical errors to speak of. Even the more complex and challenging vocabulary is spelt correctly and the sentences structures lend themselves well to the analytical writing style. A fantastic essay worthy of it's 25 marks.

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