Historical and cultural conditions that gave rise to the humanistic perspective.

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The humanistic perspective

Development and cultural contexts

1.HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONDITIONS THAT GAVE RISE TO THE HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE

HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY AS A THIRD FORCE IN REACTION TO PREVIOUS DETERMINISTIC PERSPECTIVES

Third force is HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY. Third because before that there were PSYCHODYNAMIC and BEHAVIOURIST. Psychodynamic was deterministic (all we say and do has cause even if we do it unconsciously→we are not aware). Behaviourists had environmental determinism (no freewill, everything we do is because we were influenced by environment).

But Humanistic had freewill. It means that your individual experiemce is important. Depending on the experience you will behave in future. Humans were free.

THE IMPACT OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR WHICH RESULTED IN THE APPRECIATION OF THE NEED TO FOCUS ON THE TOTALITY OF HUMAN EXPERIENCES

After WWII. there was optimism about future. Human nature was good. They wanted to break with the past.

CONTRIBUTION TO DEVELOPMENT OF COUNSELLING/THERAPY, AND THE USE OF COUNSELLING TECHNIQUES IN A VARIETY OF OCCUPATIONS

We can mention here the CLIENT CENTRED THERAPY (CCT). It is a form of therapy developed which emphasizes the responsibility of the individual to determine the direction of change within therapy. This therapy challenge the traditional roles (patient and client).

Because patient has passive role in the therapy. But client active role. The role of the therapist is to create an environment that allows the client to cure themselves. The role of the client is to keep talking so she or he eventually reaches on understanding of their problem.

2.THE CONTRIBUTION AND CURRENT STANDING OF THE HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF BEHAVIOUR

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QUALITATIVE DATA

-in depth data

-not numerical

-comparisons/relationships→difficult to establish

CULTURAL VARIATION IN ACCEPTANCE OF THE HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE

-emphasis on individual→study humans individually

-freewill→your individual experience is important

             → depending ont the experience you will behave in future

-optimistic

Framework

1.KEY CONCEPTS

SELF ACTUALIZATION, PEAK EXPERIENCE

Self-actualization

→Maslow

-not necessary a peaceful state

→we actualize ourselves, we set ourselves really big aims. But sometimes it is difficult for us.

    It is not very happy a stable situation to be

-can involve tension

→we challenge ourselves and this ...

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