3 Phallic Stage, young begin to desire their parents (op sex),
4 Latency Stage, Girls and Boys are mostly separated,
5 Genital Stage, Stage where enjoyment is in the genitals,
Conflict at certain stages can arise through childhood experiences.
- Treatment Implications
The three treatments are Dream Analysis, Hypnosis and Therapy
The idea of all these treatments is to access repressed memories, ideas or conflicts and to encourage them to face up to whatever emerges from the sub conscience.
Medical
1.) Causes of Abnormality
Genetics of the child can be altered or damaged thus producing abnormality in later life.
Certain chemical levels can be higher or lower than what they should be causing a chemical imbalance, resulting in abnormality.
- Treatment Implications
This includes diets, medical prescribed drugs, ECT (Electric Convulsive Therapy), and in extreme cases Psychosurgery, e.g. Lobotomies.
The purposes of the first two are to help balance out the chemical levels in our bodies. ECT sends electrical signals, which help get rid of depression, and Psychosurgery is a method controlling the abnormal behaviour if it becomes a danger to other people.
Behavioural
- Causes of Abnormality
This is when people’s experiences in life have a long-term affect on them, childhood experiences can cause them to behave abnormally in later life.
This includes ideas such as Social Learning,
E.g. At a young age, if you see your father beating your mother, you may grow up to believe that that is socially acceptable and thus repeat his actions. Some people only know how to behave through what their parents have taught them.
The way we perceive everything, all that is around us is also a factor that could help or hinder abnormal behaviour.
2.) Treatment Implications
There are three methods to help treat these situations, Token Economy, Systematic Desensitisation, and Flooding.
Token economy is an institution-based therapy based on the principles of operant conditioning. Desirable Behaviours are encouraged by the use of selective reinforcements.
Systematic Desensitisation is a form of treatment for phobias, in which the fear response to a threatening stimulus is replaced by a different response such as relaxation.
Cognitive
- Causes of Abnormality
Our self-perception can have a dramatic change on our lifestyle.
E.g. If we consider ourselves overweight we may go over the top and cause Anaemia, in some cases people badly suffering from Anaemia still consider themselves overweight and therefore get worse and worse.
Irrational thought processes/mental disorders could result in creating unrealistic conclusion in one’s mind and thus acting irrationally and abnormally.
2.) Treatment Implications
The treatments here are Rational Emotive Therapy, and Beck’s Restructuring Therapy.
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) is a holistic approach to emotional growth, which encourages the discovery and expression of emotions; and looks at the inter-relationships of thinking, sensing, feeling, and behaving.
Beck’s Restructuring Therapy is a process involves emphasis on reality-based interpretations of information and seeks to minimise the ifs, buts, ands and maybes that may be present in the individuals mind. The approach developed by Beck tries to focus the client on reality based data to interpret environmental transactions. This is a technical way of saying that it is important to make sure that the client is interpreting what is going on around them accurately.
Darren!
Now all you need to do is apply it all to Dennis Nilsen
Here is what you need to do.
- explain why they behaved the way that they did
- explain how you might treat them, cover two treatments
