The brain is a highly organised structure.It’s is the control center of the , responsible for . The brain is located in the head, protected by the and close to the primary sensory apparatus of , , balance, sense of , and the sense of smell. , such as , and are brain diseases that impact and, typically, other aspects of mental function. These disorders that may be treated by , intervention, or through a combination of treatments. A surface view of the brain shows it is divided into ‘lobes’. 1.The frontal lobe, found in the area around your forehead is concerned with emotions, reasoning, planning, movement, and parts of speech. It is also involved in purposeful acts such as creativity, judgment, problem solving, and planning. 2. The Parietal are found behind the frontal lobes, above the temporal lobes, and at the top back of the brain. They are connected with the processing of nerve impulses related to the senses, such as touch, pain, taste, pressure, and temperature. They also have language functions. 3. The temporal lobes are found on either side of the brain and just above the ears. They are responsible for hearing, memory, meaning, and language. They also play a role in emotion and learning. The temporal lobes are concerned with interpreting and processing auditory stimuli. 4. The occipital lobe is found in the back of the brain. It is involved with the brain's ability to recognize objects and responsible for our vision.
The term ‘stress’ was coined by Hans Selye. Whilst in a medical school, he began developing his now-famous theory of the influence of stress on people's ability to cope with and adapt to the pressures of injury and disease. He discovered that patients with a variety of mental disorders manifested many similar symptoms, which he ultimately attributed to their bodies' efforts to respond to the stresses of being ill. He called this collection of symptoms the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).
Hans Selye noticed that patients in the early stages of infectious diseases exhibited similar symptoms, regardless of the type of disease they had. He later observed a set of three common responses that occurred whenever any organism was injected with a toxic substance: 1. the adrenal glands enlarged. 2. the lymph nodes and other white blood cell producing organs swelled at first then shrank, and 3. Bleeding appeared in the stomach and intestines.
He called these three common responses the General Adaptation Syndrome and proposed that certain changes take place within the body during stress that disrupt normal physiologic mechanisms and trigger an array of diseases. And no matter what type of organism he looked at, from rats and monkeys to humans, he noticed that physical and emotional stress induced a pattern that, if left untreated, always leads to infection, illness, disease, and eventually death. There are three stages in Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome:
Stage 1. Alarm Reaction: Any physical or mental trauma will trigger an immediate set of reactions that combat the stress. Because the immune system is initially depressed, normal levels of resistance are lowered, making us more susceptible to infection and disease. If the stress is not severe or long-lasting, we bounce back and recover rapidly.
Stage 2: Resistance: Eventually, sometimes rather quickly, we adapt to stress, and there's actually a tendency to become more resistant to illness and disease. Our immune system works overtime for us during this period, trying to keep up with the demands placed upon it. We become complacent about our situation and assume that we can resist the effects of stress indefinitely. In that lays the danger. Believing that we are immune from the effects of stress, we typically fail to do anything about it.
Stage 3: Exhaustion: Because our body is not able to maintain homeostasis and the long-term resistance needed to combat stress, we invariably develop a sudden drop in our resistance level. No one experiences exactly the same resistance and tolerance to stress, but everyone's immunity at some point collapses following prolonged stress reactions. Life sustaining mechanisms slow down and sputter, organ systems begin to break down, and stress-fighting reserves finally succumb to what Selye called "diseases of adaptation."
