) What were the main issues confronting the rightly guided caliphs during the period of 632-661.B) To what extent were the caliphs successful dealing with issue and securing the future of Islam

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Mohammed Kayum

A) What were the main issues confronting the rightly guided caliphs during the period of 632-661.

B) To what extent were the caliphs successful dealing with issue and securing the future of Islam?

  1. After the death of the prophet, the city of medina and Mecca was under a form of chaos, as the Islamic empire were with out a leader to guide or to lead the people of Islam. Therefore the Muslim committee elected Abu Bakr, as he was the closest companion of the prophet, and so become the first caliphate, also known as ‘The Rightly Guided Caliphs’ because a caliph is someone who truly followed the footsteps of the prophet. Abu Bakr’s first dilemma as a caliph was the dismemberment of the alliances of the following kingdoms ‘Yemen’ and ‘Oman’. Also the false revelations of new prophets seemed to emerge through out of Arabia. To deal with this problem Abu Bakr had no choice but to send out the Muslim armies to conquer the following kingdoms and also destroy any allegations of prophet hood. These problems were dealt swift and quick, and in two years the whole of Arabia was united by one signal Caliph by the year 633 AC. The final internal problem that Abu Bakr had to deal with was the creation of the written Qur’an, it took about two years for the holly verses scathed through out Mecca and Medina to be united and be created into one book. Also at which time Abu Bakr had to deal with external problem, which was the constant oppression from the Roman Empire, causing Abu Bakr to appoint Khalid bin Waleed a military genius to lead the Muslim army to invade the kingdoms of Syria and Iraq.
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“I shall send usama’s army on its way as ordered by the prophet, even if I am left alone.”      

 At the age of sixty-three Abu Bakr passed away never witnessing the accomplishment by the Muslim armies of conquering two of the greatest empires at that time, and also failing to witnessing the finish version of the holly Qur’an.

On his deathbed in 634 AC, Abu Bakr appointed his closest adviser and companion Umar b al-khattab to be his successor. Umar b al-khattab was born in to a respectable Quraish family. Umar’s Caliphate lasted for ten years ...

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