Chemical Bonding and CFCs. There are three main types of chemical bonds.

Authors Avatar

Introduction:

Chemical bonds are formed as a result of rearrangement of electrons between atoms with the effect of lower the energy of the

system as a whole.

The chemical bond is a binding force to hold atoms together to form an aggregate with sufficient stability for the chemists to

consider the aggregate an independent species. There are three main types of chemical bonds.

Types of Bonds

Ionic bond

These are formed as a result of electron transfer between an electropositive element and an electronegative element to form

cations and anions. The electrostatic attraction between cations and anions form the ionic bond. E.g., NaCl.

Covalent bond

These are formed as a result of sharing of electrons between two electronegative atoms. Both atomic nuclei attract the shared

electrons which are mainly located at the mid-point between the two bonding nuclei, resulting in a net attractive force between

the two nuclei. This electrostatic force holding the atoms together forms the covalent bond. This accounts for the formation

of molecules in elements (e.g., H2) and for formation of molecular compounds (e.g., CCl4).

Metallic bond

Electropositive elements(e.g., Na) can share their outermost shell electrons in the form of a ‘sea of electrons’, while the

remaining part of the atoms are arranged regularly in a giant lattice of cations. The electrostatic attraction of the cations and

the ‘sea of electrons’ hold the atoms together, and this forms the metallic bond.

Special types of bonds

Join now!

Dative covalent bond

When one of the atoms forming a covalent bond provides both the electrons needed for the sharing, the bond formed is called a

dative covalent bond or a coordination bond (e.g., H3NBF3).

Polar covalent bonds

Pure covalent bonds are rare, and most of the pure covalent bonds only occur in elements (e.g, Br-Br). When the

electronegativity of the two atoms forming the bond are different, the shared electrons will be located nearer to the more

electronegative atom in the bond. A positive pole will develop on the more electropositive atom, and a negative pole will

develop on ...

This is a preview of the whole essay

Here's what a teacher thought of this essay

Avatar

This is a good summary of the types of bonding exhibited by molecules, with a fairly thorough talk about CFC's at the end. It is detailed and contains advanced descriptions of AS level work. This piece lacks diagrams, which would have made understanding some of the topics covered much easier This piece of work is 3 stars out of 5.