Chemistry Module 1 revision notes - salts and redox reactions

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Chemistry Module 1

Salts
- A salt is an ionic compound with the following features:
        The positive ion or cation in a salt in a salt is usually a metal ion or an ammonium ion NH
4
        
The negative ion or anion in a salt is derived from an acid

Formation of Salts:
Salts can be produced by neutralising acids with:
- Carbonates
- Bases
- Alkalis

Salts from bases:
Acids react with bases to form a salt and water
Salts from Carbonates:

Acids react with carbonates to form a salt, CO
2 and water

Salts from alkalis:
Acids react with alkalis to form a salt and water

Salts from metals:
Salts can be formed from the reaction of reactive metals with acids. There are known as redox reactions.

Ammonia salts and fertilises:
- Ammonia salts are used as artificial fertilisers
- Ammonia salts are formed when acids are neutralised by aqueous ammonia

Water of crystallisation
-Water of crystallisation refers to water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a compound. Often the compound cannot be crystallised if water molecules are not present.

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-The empirical formula of a hydrated compound is written in a unique way:
        -The empirical formula of the compound is separated from the water of crystallisation by a dot.
        - The relative number of water molecules of crystallisation is shown after a dot.

Oxidation number:
in a chemical formula each atom has an oxidation number. An atom uses electrons to bond with atoms from other elements.
-The oxidation number is the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with atoms of another element
-Oxidation numbers are worked out by the following rules:


Molecular ions
in a carbonate ion CO
32- the overall charge is 2-
- ...

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This report contains comprehensive notes on acid and base reactions as well as redox reactions suitable for an AS chemist. They are set out in note form, often bullet pointed, making them easy to use as revision notes.