endoplasmic reticulum(ER), lysosome, Golgi apparatus, and
mitochondrion.
Pervading most of the cytoplasm is the ER, a labrybnith of membranes
forming flattened sacs and tubes that segregate the contents of the ER
from the cytosol. The ER takes two forms, rough and smooth. Many
proteins are made by ribosomes attached to ER membranes, and the ER
also plays a major role in assembling the cell’s other membranes. The
Golgi apparatus, another type of membranous organelle, consists of
flattened sacs active in the synthesis, refinement, storage, sorting, and
secretion of a variety of chemical products. Lysosomes, which contain
mixtures of digestive enzymes that hydrolyze macromolecules called
peroxisomes that perform metabolic processes. The mitochondria carry
out cellular respiration, which generates ATP from organic fuels such as
sugar.
Topic: 1 – Cells
Sub-topic: 1.3 – Eukaryotic Cells
Page: 2
1.3.3 2 Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryote cells have ribosomes and a cell membrane made out of plasma
and do not have a nucleus. Its DNA is concentrated in a region called the
nucleoid, but no membrane separates this region from the rest of the cell.
In contrast eukaryotic cells has a true nucleus enclosed by a membranous
nuclear envelope. The entire region between the nucleus and the
membrane bounding the cell is called the cytoplasm. It consists of a
semifluid medium called the cytosol, in which are located organelles of
specialized form and function, most of them absent in prokaryotic cells.
1.3.4 2 Describe three differences between plant and animal cells.
There are two different kinds of eukayote cells and they are animal and
plant cells. The things that make these two different kinds of cells actually
different is what organelles and items that they have. For example the
plant cell contains a cell wall, large vacuoles, chloroplasts, and starch
grain all which the animal cell does not have. The animal cells have
structures, which the plant cells do not have also and they are centriole,
glycogen granules, and pinocytas.
1.3.5 1 State the composition and function of the plant cell wall.
The plant cell wall is one of the features that makes a difference from the
animal cells structures. The cell wall protects the plant cell, maintains its
Topic: 1 – Cells
Sub-topic: 1.3 – Eukaryotic Cells
Page: 3
shape, and prevents excessive uptake of water into the cell. The cell walls
in plants are much thicker and the chemical composition of the wall varies
from species to species, but the basic design of the wall is consistent.
Microfibrils made of other polysaccharides and proteins. This
combination of materials, strong fibers in a matrix, is the same basic
design found in reinforced concrete.
