Features of Lungs & Tissues
I am going to compare different tissues with similarities, including what cells are in the tissues and where they are located and what organelles are within the cells, also to state their functions including explaining how each tissue is able to carry out their role. Firstly I will compare (Alveolus of lung/Bronchus of lung), secondly (Stomach/Urinary bladder). Alveolus of lungBronchus of lungWhat cells are in the tissues?There are three types of cells within the tissue (Type I, Type II and Macrophages). Type I (Squamous Alveolar) cells that form the structure of an alveolar wall Type II (Great Alveolar) cells that secrete pulmonary surfactant to lower the surface tension of water and allow the membrane to separate, thereby increasing the capability to exchange gases. Surfactant is continuously released by exocytosis. It forms an underlying aqueous protein-containing hypophase and an overlying phospholipid film composed primarily of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. Macrophages that destroy foreign material, such as bacteria. Where they are located?Type II cell is located in the alveolar epithelium. Macrophage cell is found in the pulmonary alveolus, near the pneumocytes, but separated from the wall and type I cell is located beneath the plasmalemma.Main organelles within the cell?Organelles found within the cells are as
follows: Nucleus, Mitochondria, Lysosomes, Vacuole, Ribosomes and Cell membrane.Their function?Nucleus controls the cell’s activity. Mitochondrion produces energy. Lysosomes is capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers—proteins, nucleic acids. Vacuole is the storage. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis and Cell membrane controls what goes in and out of the cell.How they carry out their role?The alveolus receives blood from the circulatory system capillaries. It replaces carbon dioxide and other blood wastes with oxygen. The circulatory system then delivers the oxygen to cells throughout the body, bringing more wastes back to the lungs.What cells are in the tissues?The ...
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follows: Nucleus, Mitochondria, Lysosomes, Vacuole, Ribosomes and Cell membrane.Their function?Nucleus controls the cell’s activity. Mitochondrion produces energy. Lysosomes is capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers—proteins, nucleic acids. Vacuole is the storage. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis and Cell membrane controls what goes in and out of the cell.How they carry out their role?The alveolus receives blood from the circulatory system capillaries. It replaces carbon dioxide and other blood wastes with oxygen. The circulatory system then delivers the oxygen to cells throughout the body, bringing more wastes back to the lungs.What cells are in the tissues?The bronchiole holds the following cells (Clara cells and Goblet cells).Where they are located?Clara cells are located in the epithelial lining of small bronchioles.Goblet cells are located next to ciliated epithelial cells along the bronchioles.Organelles within the cell?Organelles found within the cell are as follows: Golgi apparatus, Nucleus, Vesicles, Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Rough endoplasmic reticulum and Mitochondria.Their function?Golgi apparatus is to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum. Nucleus controls the cell’s activity. Vesicle is the transportation of material in/out or within the cell. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is for digestion and detoxification of cells. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is for protein manufacturing, as its rough exterior is due to the amount of ribosomes hanging on and Mitochondrion produces energy.How they carry out their role?The bronchioles are the first airway branches that no longer contain cartilage. They are branches of the bronchi, and are smaller than one millimeter in diameter. There are no glands or cartilage in any of the bronchioles, and the epithelial cells become more cuboidal in shape. The bronchioles terminate by entering the circular sacs called alveoli. Control of airflow resistance and air distribution in the lungs is controlled by the bronchioles.StomachUrinary bladderWhat cells are in the tissues?The main cells found in stomach are: Parietal cells, G-cells and chief (zymogenic) cells.Where they are located?Parietal cells are located in the neck and fundus of gastric glands of the fundusbody region of the stomach. G cells are found deep within the gastric glands of the stomach antrum, and occasionally in the pancreas and the chief cells are located in the gastric pits of the stomach.Organelles within the cell?Organelles found within the cells are as follows: Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.Their function?Nucleus controls the cell’s activity. Cytoplasm maintains the shape of the cell. Mitochondrion produces energy. Endoplasmic reticulum is for protein manufacturing. Golgi apparatus is to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum.How they carry out their role?The stomach's first job is to accept and store the food that enters it. In response to the arrival of food, glands present in the lining of the stomach produce stomach acid (or gastric acid) - another digestive juice.Muscles in the wall of the stomach help to move the food and acid around making sure that they mix thoroughly. Stomach acid helps to break down the food further into smaller, easier to digest fragments. The acid also kills bacteria contained in the swallowed food or saliva.By the time food is ready to leave the stomach, it has been processed into a thick liquid. Finally, muscular movements in the lower part of the stomach push this partly-digested food down towards the small intestine.What cells are in the tissues?The main cells found in urinary bladder are: Cuboidal epithelial cell, Squamous epithelial cells and Smooth muscle cells.Where they are located?Cuboidal epithelium cells are commonly located in the proximal convoluted tubule, the distal convoluted tubule, and the collecting duct all of which are found in the kidney. Squamous epithelial cells are mostly located in the upper caliceal system and Smooth muscle cells are found within the human body in the walls of hollow organs like blood vessels, bladder, and intestines and contract and expand to help transport blood, urine, and waste through the body's systems.Organelles within the cell?Organelles found within the cells are as follows: Nucleus, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Cytoplasm, and Microtubules.Their function?Nucleus controls the cell’s activity. Mitochondrion produces energy. Endoplasmic reticulum is for protein manufacturing. Golgi apparatus is to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum. Cytoplasm maintains the shape of the cell. Microtubules are the intracellular support of the cytoskeleton and also help in transport of certain protein molecules.How they carry out their role?The urinary bladder is the organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys prior to disposal by urination. A hollow muscular and distensible organ, the bladder sits on the pelvic floor. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra.Embryologically, the bladder is derived from the urogenital sinus and, it is initially continuous with the allantois. In males, the base of the bladder lies between the rectum and the pubic symphysis. It is superior to the prostate, and separated from the rectum by the rectovesical excavation. In females, the bladder sits inferior to the uterus and anterior to the vagina. It is separated from the uterus by the vesicouterine excavation. In infants and young children, the urinary bladder is in the abdomen even when empty.
