Food Test. Aim: To conduct tests for reducing and non-reducing sugars, starch, lipids and proteins

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Title: Food Test

Aim: To conduct tests for reducing and non-reducing sugars, starch, lipids and proteins

Introduction:

        Reducing sugars are disaccharides formed by the reaction of the aldehyde group of one monosaccharide with a hydroxyl group of another free aldehyde group. Reducing sugars such as glucose are simple sugars while non-reducing sugars such as sucrose are complex sugars. They are both soluble in water, sweet in taste and turns blue Benedict's solution to brick-red with a precipitate upon boiling. Moreover, starch is soluble in water and turns iodine solution from yellow-orange to blue-black. Proteins such as meat, fish and egg are large chemical compounds. They are insoluble in water and turns blue Biuret solution to purple. On the other hand, fats such as palm oil and margarine are large chemical compounds. They are insoluble in water and forms a white cloudy suspension when tested with ethanol and cold water.

        In this experiment, a number of foods would be tested using a series of chemical tests including the Benedict's test, Iodine test, Emulsion test and the Biuret test, to determine whether these foods contain the different macromolecules of reducing and non-reducing sugars, starch, proteins and fats. Also, in this experiment, the observations during each food test would be recorded and the colour changes would be observed to identify whether each food contain any of the macromolecules which are being tested.

Materials/Apparatus:

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Procedure:

        In the Benedict's test for reducing sugars, 2ml of the glucose solution was added to a clean test tube. An equal amount of Benedict's solution was added to the test tube. The test tube was then shaken to mix the solution and placed in a boiling water bath.

        In the Benedict's test for non-reducing sugars, 2ml of the sucrose solution was added to a clean test tube. 1ml of dilute hydrochloric acid was added. The test tubes was then shaken to mix the solution and placed in a boiling water bath for 1 minute. Drop by drop, ...

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