The properties of transition metals

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PRACTICAL 2: PROPERTIES OF THE TRANSITION METALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS

OBJECTIVES:

  1. To determine general trends in reactivity of the transition metals and their compounds
  2. To be able to predict the outcome of a great variety of chemical reactions based on these group trends.
  3. To make a connection between periodic trends such as atomic radii, electronegativity, ionization energy and electron configuration and their effect on the chemistry and properties of the elements and their compounds.

INTRODUCTION:

The series of elements, that are formed by filling the 3d, 4d and 5d shells of electrons, comprise the d-block elements. They are often called as transition elements because their position in the periodic table is between s-block and p-block elements. Their properties are transitional between the highly reactive metallic elements of the s-block, which form ionic compounds and elements of p-block, which form covalent compounds. In s and p blocks, electrons add to the last shell, in d-block electrons are added to the penultimate shell. Typically, the transition elements have an incompletely filled d level. The zinc group has d10 configuration and compounds of these elements show some differences from other transition elements. The elements make up three complete rows of ten elements and an incomplete fourth row. The position of the incomplete fourth series is discussed along with the f-block elements.

MATERIALS:

  1. Copper(II) sulfate 0.01 mol dm-3
  2. Iron(III) chloride 0.1 mol dm-3 (Irritant)
  3. Nickel(II) chloride 0.1 mol dm-3
  4. Ammonia solution 2 mol dm-3
  5. Dropper
  6. Test tube
  7. pH paper

PROCEDURE:

  1. Three test tubes are set up and labeled.
  2. 2ml of Copper (II) sulfate, Iron (III) chloride, and Nickel (II) chloride is put into each test tube.
  3. A few dropped of ammonia solution is added to each test tube. Observed.
  4. Add ammonia solution until there is no further change.
  5. All reaction is observed and recorded.
  6. Then, test with pH paper, and the pH is recorded.
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RESULTS:

 

 

Before

After

   Figure 1 (a): Reaction of Nickel (II) chloride                   Figure 1 (b): pH of Nickel (II) chloride

Before

After

    Figure 2 (a): Reaction of Iron (III) chloride            Figure 2 (b): pH of Iron (III) chloride

After

Before

    Figure 3(a): Reaction of Copper (II) sulfate           Figure 3(b): pH of Copper (II) sulfate

DISCUSSION:

The properties of ...

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