Who Controls the mass media?

Topic Three: - How do the media affect people?

Topic Four: - Is There Too Much Violence In The Media

1. In your own words explain what is meant by de-sensitisation
   With repeated exposure to media violence people become used to it and it no longer affects them in the way that it should, sometimes it de-sensitisaties them that much that they cannot even feel the correct emotion when the violence is not on television but in real life in front of them.
   
2. Suggest two reasons why the PSI study concludes that other factors beyond the media must be causing differences in the behaviour between the young offenders and school children.
   Because there were very few differences between the two groups
   Young offenders had less access to TV videos and satellite than the none offenders did.
   Very few in either group had  an interest in violent films or TV programs
   
3. Give reasons why the George Lucus and Samuel  Jackson are not concerned about the violence in the Phantom Menace.
    It’s not real.
   It is set in the future.
   The violence is using weapons that don’t even exist.
   The people carrying out the violent acts i.e Darth Maul and Darth Vader aren’t human at all and get their punishment in the end.
   It’s not that violent; it is more self-defence and standing up for your rights.
   It’s not fighting and hurting people for fun it is fighting for freedom and what is right.
   The Goodies always win
   
4. Identify two other factors that might be responsible for the differences in behaviour of the two groups studied in item A
   Home life ~ if they see a lot of violence at home then and in their area then it is more acceptable than if it just see on television and in the movies.
   
   Mental Difficulties ~ in one persons mind it may be ok to do something because it is on TV and not realise that this is not real and real people will be hurt if they do it others will realise this and therefore not do it.

The media has much less to say about male roles; men are rarely presented nude, nor is their marital or family status continually quoted in irrelevant contexts, discuss how helpful this statement is in understanding the understanding the representation of men in the media.
Women sex objects for the enjoyment of men (page three girls, porn ect.)
“male gaze”
Style magazines put less of a burden on men to dress, smell a certain way
Ferguson  “ cult of femininity in magazines” Females progress by caring ect.
Ruthford “new man” in touch with feminine side “retributive man” slays baddies reasserts masculinity as long as he is a goodie.

Topic Five: - Gender And The Media

5. Explain what is meant by the term presentation women in the media
   Women are presented in the media as sexual objects and using this as their purpose sells magazines to males because that is all they see women as too.
   
6. Compare the covers of the two magazines in Item A identify two assumptions that they make about interests of young men and young women
   young men are interested in sex and one night stands and young women are interested in settling down and having a relationship
   Men are interested in pictures of sexy women and how to get your girlfriend under control and young women are interested in fashion, TV, true life stories and their bodies.
   
7. Identify three patterns in the data in item B
   Males appear on TV nearly twice as much as females do.
   Women and men make the appearances on TV as interviewers.
   The ratio of Male to Female interviews in nearly 1:3
   The ratio of Male to Female major parts is 1:1.5
   The ratio of Male to Female minor roles is nearly 1:3
   
8. Identify and briefly explain two reasons why more men appear on television than women
   Male patriarchy, women narrow range of roles. Male aggressors female victims.
   Media owner’s men therefore number of women lower then men and their roles are more trivial.  ‘Symbolic Annihilation’.
   
9. The media has much less to say about male roles; men are rarely presented nude, nor is their marital or family status continually quoted in irrelevant contexts, discuss how helpful this statement is in understanding the understanding the representation of men in the media.
   Women sex objects for the enjoyment of men (page three girls, porn ect.)
   “male gaze”
   Style magazines put less of a burden on men to dress, smell a certain way
   Ferguson  “ cult of femininity in magazines” Females progress by caring ect.
   Ruthford “new man” in touch with feminine side “retributive man” slays baddies reasserts masculinity as long as he is a goodie.
   

Topic Six : - Media Representations

1. Explain what is meant by the term ‘Islamphobia’
   A fear of anything Islamic.
   
2. Suggest two reasons why Benetton selected the image in item A
   To Destroy the image of the untouchables just as Princess Diana tried to do.
   To raise human emotion and catch peoples attention.
   
3. Identify at least 3 stereotypes associated with older people
   Grumpy                         Frail                                Sweet
   Decline                         Dependency                Vague
   Cantankerous                 Obsolete Knowledge (during the war …)
   
4. Identify and briefly explain 2 reasons why the author of the article in item B may not of been satisfied with the apology from the express
   Story front page -----------------> Causes moral panic
   Apologies in editorial ------------> Not everyone reads it
   Single apology not going to undo damage done, not interesting gossip
   
5. Discuss the problems for individuals and society created by stereotyping in the media
   Negative stereotypes hard to shake off.
   Labels once         stuck others pick up on it.
   People’s views aren’t taken seriously if negatively labelled.
   Passive acceptance of social status.
   Aggression and protection of self.
   Self-fulfilling prophecy.
   Homosexual → Aids.
   Waste of people’s talents because of stereotyping.
   Scapegoating sections of the community is this fair?
   Social Disharmony – sow seeds of intergroup resentment “young resent old for working so long”.
   Makes groups stick together “in groups and out groups”.
   
   
   
   
   
6. Using material from the items and elsewhere, assess the view that stereotyping in the media is declining.
   Author of item B reported about MCB confronting the editors to print retractions, if fairly represented groups want to change the media they have to confront it by press complaints commission but this is only a gentleman’s agreement there is no power behind it.
   Homosexuals prominent and positive place in the media. Celebrities more confident that it won’t harm their careers by coming out as long as they do it in the beginning, not the papers finding out first e.g. George Michael and Ron Davies.
   Soaps showing working class in positive light but slightly unrealistic manner, it doesn’t show the full picture. It helps to confront stereotypes because soaps are good at showing positive and negative sides to people and stereotypes.
   More positive portrayal of disabled people, there label is not longer being put before their name, “ so and so who is disabled” not “that disabled person so and so”
   Mass media exposes racism in negative way e.g. Stephen Lawrence
   
   

Topic Seven: - Postmodernism and the media

1. Explain what is meant by the term ‘Cultural Imperialism’
   It is the domination control of one culture (now the America was Britain) over the others.
   
2. Suggest two reasons why the over sixties spend more time on computers than anyone else.
   Feel lost not knowing about it
   Socialising … cheap form of communication
   Shopping without leaving the house
   Some retired people have more disposable income
   Trying to shake off the fuddy duddy image