Britain's Survival 1940-1943
AQA Coursework Assignment 1 History Specification B (Modern World) 3042 Britain and the Second World War Coursework Title: Britain's Survival 1940-1943 By Stavros Kouppas 11.2 Mr Kinsey When France surrendered in June 1940 Britain was the only European country holding out against Germany. Explain why Britain was able to continue to hold out between June 1940 and the end of 1943... By Stavros Kouppas 11.2 Hitler was a charismatic, Austrian born demagogue (A person who gains power through impassioned public appeals to the emotions and prejudices of a group by speaking or writing), who rose to power in Germany during the 1920s and early 30s. He failed to take power in 1923, but eventually he won power by democratic means. Once he was in power he wanted to eliminate all opposition and launched an audacious program of world domination, as well as wiping out all Jews in the world. Hitler wanted to dominate Europe because he wanted to avenge the humiliation brought to Germany by the Versailles Peace Settlement of 1919. Once it became evident that Adolf Hitler was set on the military domination of Europe, King George VI did all he could to encourage the countries that owed him allegiance to play a part in the war. Hitler ordered the invasion of Austria and the Sudetenland in 1938. Hitler's army invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, sparking England and France to declare war
ATTACK ON DARWIN 14 February 1942 - 12 November 1943
ATTACK ON DARWIN 4 February 1942 - 12 November 1943 Darwin, the largest population centre in northern Australia, was considered a vital asset in Australia's defences against an increasingly aggressive Japanese Empire in the 1930s. Its port and airfield facilities were developed, coastal defence batteries constructed and its garrison steadily enlarged. The outbreak of war in the Pacific resulted in the rapid enlargement of the military presence in Darwin and it was used as a base from which to deploy forces for the defence of the Dutch East Indies. In January and February these forces were overwhelmed by Japanese landings, usually preceded by heavy air attacks. On 19 February 1942 Darwin itself was bombed. Japanese fighters and bombers attacked the port and shipping in the harbour twice during the day, killing 252 Allied service personnel and civilians. On 3 March Broome, in Western Australia, was strafed. In succeeding months air attacks were made on many towns in northern Australia including Wyndham, Port Hedland and Derby in Western Australia, Darwin and Katherine in the Northern Territory, Townsville and Mossman in Queensland, and Horn Island in the Torres Strait. Despite popular fears these raids were not the precursor to an invasion but they did serve to interrupt the use of Darwin's port facilities. The raids also tied up anti aircraft defences and air force units
Commentary on DentonWelch - Maiden Voyage (1943).
Commentary Denton Welch - Maiden Voyage (1943) The excerpt in question, from Denton Welch's prose piece "Maiden Voyage," acquaints us with a stubborn boy imprisoned on Chinese land. Being a foreigner it is established that this land is both mysterious and strange in his eyes. From this lack of belonging arises a desire for him to do something, and decides to explore the country side, but only further distress awaits him. The language that is used is both vivid and intense, and a great deal of description is used by Welch to articulate the harshness of the land which surrounds the speaker. Description and emotion in Welch's writing does not cease at merely that of the land, but continues further to enlighten us as to what the speaker is feeling, and how his surroundings affect him. It is established from the very first line, "Foreigners are not very popular here... So I don't think you ought to go out alone," that the speaker is foreign to his surrounding land. The atmosphere is set immediately, almost sinister and menacing. A very crucial nature of the speaker is exposed in the second paragraph, his stubbornness, which later becomes quite a crucial factor in influencing him to continue on through the baron country side. It is this which keeps him going and pushing on. The crude, yet strong language used by the speaker only further illustrates this sinister
How did Britain Survive (June 1940-1943)?
When France surrendered in June 1940 Britain was the only European country holding out against Germany. (How did Britain Survive (June 1940-1943)) Churchill saw the invasion of Britain coming. Churchill watched as Hitler moved across Europe. The key to Hitler's invasion technique was speed, it was known as 'Blitzkrieg'. It involved using modern military technology to sweep quickly across vast areas of land. After the majority of Europe had been captured Hitler had no choice but to turn to the one country it was still at war with, Britain. Hitler said to Jodl, ' The British have lost the war but they don't know it; one must give them time and they will come round.' Many assumed that Britain would surrender now that France had been defeated. At the time conquering Britain would have bought Hitler more disadvantages than advantages and peace with Britain would guard Germany from the war brewing with America. Peace with Britain would give Hitler peace on the German Western Front and an opportunity to attack Soviet Russia. There were of course times when the British contemplated making peace. On 27 May just before the Dunkirk evacuation the War Cabinet contemplated peace negotiations. The next day Churchill had second thoughts. In front of the Cabinet he declared, 'Of course whatever happens at Dunkirk we shall fight on.' Ministers screamed 'Well done Prime Minister,' several
The German surrender at Stalingrad, February 1943 Sources Question
The German surrender at Stalingrad, February 1943 Sources Question . In Source A, the reasons for the German defeat at Stalingrad are not explained adequately. However, it does state some of the causes. Such as 'Troops without ammunition or food', the fact that they were 'without dressings or drugs' for the wounded soldiers. The other reasons for the defeat that are not stated are that the German supply line was cut off and that the Germans were not prepared for the harsh Soviet winter, and therefore thousands of men who were already weak from starvation perished. There was individual, one on one fighting in the streets, which the Germans were not used to; they were trained as fighting as a unit. The German forces went into this battle expecting to win easily and consequently as it was clear they were not going to win their morale dropped, as the Soviets' increased. The reasons for it possible not showing all of the reasons to why the Germans were defeated because the source is a message, so therefore what the source shows may only be an extract of a message that explained all of the reasons. However it is more likely that it was a radio message and had to be short and straight to the point instead of a long detailed message incase Paulus was cut off. The message was from Von Paulus who at the time was a General, and would therefore know the state that his men were in as he
Stalingrad: February 1943 – The German Defeat Sources Questions
Stalingrad: February 1943 - The German Defeat Sources Questions Does Source A explain the reasons for the German surrender at Stalingrad? Explain your answer using Source A and your own knowledge I think that A explains the reasons for the German defeat reasonably well, as there is no reason why Paulus should now lie, as he knew that he was facing defeat. However, I cannot be sure as to whether or not he was still loyal to Hitler. Paulus would have had first hand knowledge as to what was going on, and I know that the stated reasons for defeat were in fact occurring. This was because Hitler was not sending enough reinforcements, and those that he did send did not make it through. The results were that the troops starved, and that the German lines collapsed. This would comply with what Paulus is saying, and that fact that he is requesting immediate surrender shows the desperation of the situation. Therefore, I would say that he is telling the truth and that the basis for the defeat is given, although it is not in very much detail. It is possible that Paulus wanted to glorify his defeat by showing that he went down in the best way possible, although he clearly had not wanted to fight to the end, still showing that the source is reasonably unbiased, as Paulus can be said to have been loyal, at the end, to his own troops only. I think that the source shows good reasons for the
Edexcel Cold War 1943-1991 Revision (Detailed)
The origins of the Cold War During 1939-45 the alliance of the three superpowers (USA, Britain and SU) was due to necessity. Once Germany had been defeated, differences began to emerge between Stalin and the Soviet Union. This is, largely, where the capitalist vs communism shebang comes into place. The cold war is a conflict in which actual fighting takes place by ever means short of war itself. The only time the war seemed to get hot was during Korea in 1950-53 ad Vietnam (60s) Its main features, and what made it so prominent throughout the world, was: . Spying 2. Propaganda 3. Arms Race 4. Space Race 5. Loans and Aid Pre-1941 Rivalry Superpower rivalry was not new. The differences go back to the 1918-21 revolution where America defended Russia against the Bolshevik uprising. Differences intensified after 1933 when Hitler became leader of Germany. Stalin, who became leader of the Soviet Union in 1928, was very suspicious of an attack from the west and encouraged Hitler to invade. Task 1a) What message is the cartoonist trying to put across in Source B? Source B shows three fat, greedy and typically selfish old men in suits looking down at a pile of bodies. These three men, each wearing a different hat with the flag of France, America and Great Britain on them have totally no remorse and are simply smoking cigarettes. The source tells us that such people were
Commentary on Maiden Voyage (1943) by Denton Welch.
Commentary on Maiden Voyage (1943) by Denton Welch Sam Bateman The passage begins with a clear and concise statement that indicates to us many things: the writer is not in their natural surroundings, the time is morning and there is another character, Mr. Butler and it is most definitely a British sphere of influence. It also gives us a sense of danger, with foreigners not being very popular. This also gives us a sense of isolation. This feeling is reinforced in the next paragraph, with the writer continually alluding to imprisonment and isolation; "I began to feel imprisoned". The writer also uses emotional language to enforce this, such as "hated", "fiercely" and "brooding". This paragraph also reveals to us that the subject is stubborn, as they do not want to be dependent on others, as they "would never wan to do what I wanted to do." This stubbornness plays a major role later. The symbolism of the moth-eaten balls and the old tennis racket gives us a sense that there is little fun that goes on here that these instruments of leisure go largely unused, adding to the sense of boredom about the place. It is this lack of excitement that drives the protagonist to their later actions. As time passes, the main character becomes more and more fed up with their apparent confinement, "I could stand it no longer". The stubbornness and boredom of their surroundings drives the
Dorfman, Robert (1943) essay 'The detection of defective members of large populations
Question: Recently your firm has made a series of costly errors in its group life insurance quotations. Your supervisor wishes to improve quality control. She has discovered a classic article in the field: Dorfman, Robert (1943), 'The detection of defective members of large populations', Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 14(3), pp. 436-440. Your supervisor has asked you to read this article, and then write a review of the article. She has specified that the review should be no longer than 1200 words. Before the outbreak of World War Two, in 1943 Harvard economist and mathematical statistician Robert Dorfman wrote an article that is integral and significant in statistics. His article 'The Detection of Defective Members of Large Populations' (TDDMLP), reveals Dorfman's intricate thinking and now part of the Annals of Mathematical Statistics that is published by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. Moreover, in the article he emphasizes on the process achieving an "efficient method for eliminating all defective members of certain types of large populations". This idea follows close to the importance of quality control, which is vital in all types of financial institutions, from banks to insurance companies. In conjunction, Dorfman uses the analogy of discussing blood samples as one application of the quality control methodology. Ultimately, TDDMLP can be utilised in
How Far was Italy's Poor Performance in the War the Main Reason for the overthrow of Mussolini in 1943
How Far was Italy's Poor Performance in the War the Main Reason for the overthrow of Mussolini in 1943? There are several reasons why Mussolini fell from power in 1943, Italy's poor performance in the war being one of the most significant ones. However this isn't the only factor that contributed to the overthrow of Mussolini in 1943. There was chaos and shortages within Italy, hatred towards Mussolini's alliance with Germany, opposition emerged, and the elite and several leading Fascists wanted Mussolini to be removed from power. Mussolini's decision to join the war in 1941 was very unpopular in Italy, and the fact that they performed so badly made people even more unhappy. Italian soldiers faced constant defeat due to their antiquated weaponry, lack of resources and dreadful leadership which made people back home very angry because for the past twenty years, Mussolini had produced boastful propaganda showing Italy as a warlike nation, however the reality was far from this. However although Italy had been performing badly in the war, there were also problems back in Italy as Mussolini had not mobilised the economy to make the best use of Italy's limited resources. He also was slow to react to the demands of war, for example, bread was not rationed until 1941, despite soaring bread prices, leading to the starvation of many Italians. This irritated the Italians and was a
