anti-social behaviour

Section 1: Abstract- .1 In an attempt to discover what anti-social behaviour orders are and to investigate how effective they have been in tackling anti-social behaviour 20 respondents were chosen at random to complete a questionnaire surrounding anti-social behaviour orders. I have also conducted three interviews to get a more in depth opinion from the public. I chose to interview a middle aged woman and two younger individuals, one male and one female. All of the respondents were aware of anti-social behaviour orders but did not necessarily have a broad understanding of how they were used; neither did they pose positives thoughts on the subject matter. I discovered that anti-social behaviour can be an effective way of tackling anti-social behaviour, but there could also be improvements made to enhance their effectiveness. Section 2: Terms of reference 2.1 A formal report has been chosen for this study because it has a suitable format for this research because it will inform and explain anti-social behaviour. The report will transmit ideas, facts and findings on ASBO's. It will also define any problems that the orders have and help to draw a conclusion on the subject matter. 2.2 Reports also allow recommendations about ways of doing things, making improvements or changes as well as allowing information to be recorded for others to refer to. 2.3 This report discuses

  • Word count: 3887
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Sociology
Access this essay

Anti-Social Behaviour.

Introduction Anti-Social Behaviour - An Introduction You could not fail to miss the articles in the press and the programmes on television, such as, 'Neighbours from Hell'. Ideas about what 'anti-social behaviour' is vary widely from children playing games on unauthorised areas to burglary, muggings and racial harassment. Noise is a constant source of complaints in many areas. The definition, which seems to cover all aspects of anti-social behaviour is that provided in the Crime and Disorder Act 1998: Anti-social behaviour is any behaviour that causes or is likely cause harassment, alarm or distress to one or more persons not of the same household as the perpetrator. Anti-social behaviour not only affects individual's lives but whole communities can suffer, becoming no go areas and undesirable places to live. It is a problem, which crosses all types of tenure, and therefore social and private rented tenants as well as owner-occupiers are all vulnerable. In recent years, the government has recognised the problems caused by the anti-social behaviour of an unreasonable few. The reduction of anti-social behaviour is one of the Home Office's main targets and is also being considered as a future Public Service Agreement target. The Social Exclusion Unit's Policy Action Team 8 (PAT8) were responsible for the first inter-departmental strategy to tackle anti-social

  • Word count: 2776
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
Access this essay

Anti-social Behaviour Coursework

ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOUR AND AGGRESSION. > Antisocial acts are those that show a lack of feeling and concern for the welfare of others (Baron and Richardson1994) > Aggressive behaviour is viewed as the most disturbing form of antisocial behaviour. > Aggressive behaviour can subdivided - * Antisocial aggression - All behaviour that is intended to inflict physical or mental harm on an individual who does not want to be so treated - (Penrod 1983) * Pro-social aggression - Police action * Sanctioned aggression - Self defence * Aggression can be overt behaviours or covert feelings that are not always acted upon. > Societies need people not to behave in an antisocial way - therefore laws, sanctions, police, and rewards. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES OF AGGRESSION - SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY - BERKOWITZ (1989) and BANDURA (1965) Most behaviour (including aggressive behaviour) is learned. It is claimed that aggressive behaviour is learned either through direct experience or by observing others. Learning by direct experience - If a child pushes another child and as a result gets something they want, the action is reinforced and is more likely to occur in similar situations in the future. (Skinner - Operant reinforcement) Learning by vicarious experience - observational learning occurs when a child sees a role model behaving in a particular way and reproduces that behaviour.

  • Word count: 9937
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Psychology
Access this essay

PRO & ANTI - SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR

A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY PRO & ANTI - SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR THEORIES OF ALTRUISM BATSON - EMPATHY-ALTRUISM HYPOTHESIS When we see another person in distress we can feel either empathy or personal distress. Empathy is when we are concerned about the feelings of others. Personal distress is when we are concerned about our own feelings (selfish). If we feel empathy then we are likely to behave altruistically. We are more likely to feel empathy if we identify with the victim or have personal feelings towards them. If we feel personal distress then we are less likely to help and are more likely to escape from the situation to reduce our personal distress. BATSON'S LABORATORY STUDY Procedure Participants were put a into state of empathy or personal distress. They then watched Elaine (a confederate) taking part in a study where she received mild electric shocks. They were given the chance to behave altruistically by taking the place of Elaine and receive the shocks on her behalf or allowed to leave. Findings The participants who had been made to feel empathy for Elaine were more likely to behave altruistically by taking her place .The participants feeling personal distress were more likely to leave when given the opportunity to do so. Criticisms * Lacks ecological validity. Not the same as helping behaviour in real life. * Ethical concerns of deception

  • Word count: 1344
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Psychology
Access this essay

Pro and Anti Social Behaviour

Pro- and Anti-Social Behaviour a) Nature and causes of aggression Use for: a) Outline two psychological theories of aggression (12 marks) b) Evaluate two theories of aggression that you outlined in part a) in terms of relevant research studies (12 marks) a) Outline and evaluate two psychological theories of aggression (24 marks) Aggression is an example of anti-social behaviour. It has been defined as 'any form of behaviour directed towards the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such harm'. Social Psychological theories of aggression These explain aggression as a result of social interactions Social Learning Theory (SLT) One of the most influential theories of aggression is the Social Learning theory put forward by Bandura (1973). The nature of the theory suggests human aggression is learned either through direct experience or by observing aggressive behaviour in other people i.e. indirect experience. Bandura produced two assumptions in relation to the social learning theory. He stated that if a child acts aggressively against another child and as a result gets what they want, their aggressive behaviour has been reinforced. This is an example of learning by direct experience, derived from the principles of the traditional learning theory; operant and classical conditioning. Secondly, he stated that if a child

  • Word count: 8935
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Psychology
Access this essay

Pro and Anti Social Behaviour

Pro and anti social behaviour Altruism - Helping behaviour (e.g. where behaviour brings a risk to the helper). Based on a desire to help rather than on possible rewards. It could be based on empathy - the ability to share the emotions of another person Bystander Apathy - Not helping when help is required Aggression - Any behaviour that is intended to harm another person Media Influences on pro and anti social behaviour - Positive and negative effects of media on behaviour (e.g. TV, video games...) Altruism This is pro-social behaviour that is voluntary and helping. It is costly to the person who is altruistic and based on a desire to help rather than on rewards. It is thought to depend on empathy - ability to share emotions and understand feelings. Altruism theories/explanations Socio biological theory - altruism as innate It is thought that altruism could be an evolutionary trait. This theory basis itself on the explanation that any behaviour that promotes survival will be retained in future generations because of natural selection. Those who do not possess these behaviours will die or not reproduce. This is confusing with altruism as one may risk their own life when acting altruistically, therefore sacrificing themselves. This means that altruistic behaviour would be die out and selfishness would be selected in. This is the paradox of altruism. It is possible

  • Word count: 3883
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Psychology
Access this essay

Pro and anti social behaviour

Pro and Anti-Social Behaviour. Frustration exists (Dollard et al. (1939)) if: * The organism could have been expected to perform certain acts * That these acts have been prevented from occurring Aggression: intended to cause harm or injury to another object or person in response to the blocking of the goal. Examples of Aggression. * Getting even, cursing when you hurt yourself * Substitute responses help deflect aggression * Aggressive behaviour is frequently forced into culturally defined patterns. Some of these are prohibited, some are permitted and some are actually rewarded by social approval. Dollard et al (1939) - Frustration/Aggression hypothesis -> Freud. * Insight into how aggression towards out-group develops. * Determined by psychodynamics of the in-group and displacement of their feelings towards the leader of the out-group. * Inter-group conflict arises out of irrational feelings and emotional needs of in-group members. * Not based on conflict of material interest (e.g. scarce resources). Evaluation. * Doob and Sears (1939) reported that when participants were asked to imagine frustrating and non-frustrating situations, they generally felt angry in the frustrating situations. * This hypothesis was attacked as if failed to account for justified and unjustified frustration. When Doob and Sears experiment was re-done with justified frustration the

  • Word count: 285
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
Access this essay

Media influences on anti-social behaviour

Media influences on anti-social behaviour Cognitive priming: The cognitive priming explanation suggests that aggressive ideas shown in the media (particularly films) can 'spark off other aggressive thoughts in memory pathways as proposed by Berkowitz (1984). After a violent film, the viewer is 'primed' to respond aggressively because the memory network involving aggression is activated. Criticism: + Evidence to support the cognitive priming explanation was shown in the Hockey game study by Josephism (1987) who's boys who had been 'primed' to be aggression through viewing an aggressive film acted more aggressively in a subsequent hockey game where relevant behavioural cues were present. Arousal: The arousal explanation suggests that arousal increases the dominant behaviour in any situation. If the feeling of arousal is attributed to anger, then aggression is likely to result. Research has shown that the arousal produces by (violent) pornography facilitates aggressive behaviour as shown by Zillman (1978) Criticism: If arousal is attributed to factors other than anger, then arousal will not necessarily result in aggression? Cultivation effect: The cultivation effect by Gerbner and Gross (1976) suggests that the medium of television creates (or cultivates a distrust or unrealistic fear in viewers. This causes viewers to misperceive (or exaggerate) threats in real

  • Ranking:
  • Word count: 1060
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Psychology
Access this essay

Unit 27: Challenging Behaviour in Health & Social Care

Jessica Bascombe Unit 27: Challenging Behaviour in Health & Social Care P1: Describe the characteristics and causes of challenging behaviour Challenging behaviour is behaviour outside of the expected norms for a person’s age that is disruptive and difficult to manage and can cause harm the individual exhibiting the behaviour is likely to suffer from learning disability or a mental illness or may have had a difficult upbringing. Verbal Abuse: Is a form abuse that involves the use of words in a verbally abusive situation words are used to attack, control and inflict harm on another individual verbal abuse is not just mean it involves inflicting psychological violence on another individual attacking their being and attempting to destroy his or her spirit. A number of behaviours are considered verbally abusive behaviours such as angry outbursts, screaming rages and name calling verbal abuse often includes blaming and intimidation verbal abuse can be overt or covert but it is always about controlling often verbal abusers tell their victims what to think and how to feel they refuse to see or understand the victims point of view. The effects of verbal abuse can affect an individual self image and affect someone in emotional psychological ways it can lead to low self esteem as well as depression victim may already be experiencing at home or in other places in some cases verbal

  • Word count: 1477
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Healthcare
Access this essay

Social behaviour Pygmalion and LoF

In Pygmalion by Bernard Shaw, the importance of different social behaviour is used to great extent. In fact, the whole play is based on the difference between social classes: If they did not exist, Mr. Higgins' and Colonel Pickering's bet would never have taken place. The whole plot is based on Eliza Doolittle's ascension from a "draggletailed guttersnipe" (Higgins) to a full-fledged duchess and princess. Throughout the play, there is a clear distinction in the ways and manners between people from different social classes. The obvious example is in the beginning of act 1, when Eliza's accent is transcribed: "Theres menners f'yer!" (The Flower Girl). Another poor accent is that of Eliza's father: The H is omitted in his lines ("Iggins"). This is in contrast to the accents of the ladies and gentlemen, which are transcribed just like regular, written English. I believe that it is important to note how the professor's transformation of Eliza is reflected in the manuscript: The change in her accent - which is even pointed out as being too good for a native speaker - is much more emphasized than the change in her manners and her looks, for only the first day is it mentioned that she takes a bath, and only once are the jewels decorating her during the garden party at the Buckingham Palace mentioned. Morals, however, are completely independent of social class. Shaw shows us both

  • Word count: 7016
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: English
Access this essay