The Black Civil Rights Act

Jeffrey Mattingley 10Y The Black Civil Rights Act Explain why Emmet Till was murdered? Emmet Till was a victim of a racial motivated killing. In August 1955 Mrs Mamie Till Bradley (his mother) in need of a vacation sent her son Emmet to stay with his uncle in Mississippi. In Chicago Emmert bragged of his familiarity with white girls, he also claimed he had a white girlfriend. A few teenagers dared him to go inside and ask the young white women behind the counter for a date. According to the Jim Crow Law such a thing would be extremely forbidden due to the segregation. However Till went into the store, brought two cents worth of bubble gum from Carolyn Bryant, and said something to her, exactly what will never be known. Four days later Carolyn Bryant's husband, Roy Bryant and his half brother, J.W. Milam appeared at the home of Till's great uncle Mose Wright. Bryant and Milam demanded to see the boy. Wright begged them not to take the boy, assuring that Emmet had made an innocent mistake, but Bryant and Milam brandishing guns took the boy. Within two weeks he was found dead and beaten. Bryant and Milam were suspected of Till's murder and were arrested however both men were found subsequently not guilty of the murder. Bryant and Milam left the 65 minute trial as free men and after the trial they actually did admit to the murder of Emmet Till but a retrial never took place

  • Word count: 1389
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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Why did the civil rights movement develop in the 1950's?

Why did the civil rights movement develop in the 1950's? The civil rights movement developed in the 1950's because of the actions of Rosa Parks. Rosa Parks refused to give up her seta on a city bus for a white man, thus resulting in her being arrested. Her friends a young black reverend called Martin Luther king who then campaigned for Rosa Parks' case, eventually resulting in the banning of segregation on publics transport on Dec 20th 1956 by the US Supreme Court. Martin Luther King had helped immensely with Rosa Parks' case by boycotting the cities buses. He and other local black people refused to ride the buses until segregation was banned. Because black people were the main users of the buses, the bus companies soon became bankrupt so they took King to court. With help from the NAACP and by publishing newsletters to inform others about the boycott, the case became known worldwide and reached the US Supreme Court. On December 20th 1956 the US Supreme Court banned segregation, making Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks victorious. From then on Martin Luther King continued to campaign for the rights of black Americans. The civil rights movement then developed even further when a young black school girl tried to enrol at an all white's school in Arkansas along with 8 other students. The state governor refused to let the children enrol and had Arkansas state guardsmen order

  • Word count: 840
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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Why did Black Civil Rights Movement Develop in the 1950's?

Why did Black Civil Rights Movement Develop in the 1950's? Not long prior to the 1950s the blacks faced many problems and disadvantages. There were only a selected few courses of action that the blacks could take to try and improve their living conditions and way of life. Some black people, such as Booker T. Washington, believed that they should try to learn new skills by concentrating their efforts in improving the education and training of black Americans, in order to sustain decent jobs. There were other thoughts and theories though, for example using political parties to put pressure on the government or as Marcus Garvey believed; immigrating back to Africa to build a new homeland in a country such as Liberia. Several considered living the lifestyle of a white American or using products to "whiten" their skin, others supposed that violent protest for their rights was the way to force the country to include the black community in America. The Black Americans faced many disadvantages, before and during the 1950s; for instance no freedom of speech, no right to a good education and no good health facilities such as having to share outside toilets between large groups of families. Although segregation became illegal in 1954, the white people in the Southern states were still much against the newly passed law. Many aspects of society needed to be changed, new and more

  • Word count: 1204
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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Civil Rights Act of 1957

AFTER World War II, the blacks believed they should get equal treatment since they worked "white jobs" during the war. In 1955, the Brown versus Board of Education case declared that blacks could go to white schools. This ruling disagreed with the "separate but equal" verdict of the Plessy versus Ferguson case and also the Jim Crow Laws that both called for segregation. Rosa Parks, the secretary of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), was the primary excuse for starting the movement. Once she was arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white, the opportunity to get equal treatment was clear. After the Parks incident, the Montgomery Bus Boycott followed in 1955. It was a passive resistance movement led by 26 year old Martin Luther King Jr. (leader of SCLC) to bring up the idea of integration. Since the blacks made up three-quarters of the passengers of the public buses, the courts made a ruling to desegregate seating on buses. The news of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 that established a Civil Rights Commission to enforce voting rights gave African Americans hope. But, equal voting rights were not enforced until years later. Also in 1957, blacks were permitted to attend Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Although the nine black students who actually enrolled needed federal troops to escort them to school, they at least

  • Word count: 928
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Law
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Did the civil rights deal achieve a great deal in the 1950-1960's?

Did the civil rights deal achieve a great deal in the 1950-1960's? For the duration of 1950-1960's there was a lot of black civil unrest, in the need for civil rights. Black people wanted the right to vote to have equal job opportunities and pay because they worked equally as hard, they wanted the right to go to equally good schools as white students to have equal education, they wanted an end to segregation in cafes, swimming pools and buses as it was demeaning, they also wanted the right to be protected and not be attacked by police. A black leader such as Martin Luther King and Fames Foreman led protests, marches and riots in an attempt to gain these civil rights for black people. Black People wanted equality; not better but equal. I interpret a great deal to be for black people getting civil rights and being treated equally. Other people would interpret a great deal in different ways. The black protestors are not trying to get better rights for themselves, they want equal rights, they want to be treated the same as the white people. I can link sources C,E and I. They all show that black people have achieved something and gained come civil rights. Source C is a secondary written source, it explains and shows how many black children went to all white schools in the southern states in the late 50's early 60's. "Texas 1956-1957 3400, 1961-1962 4300" The source is not biased

  • Word count: 1136
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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Civil Rights background to 1950. Marcus garvey, A. Philip Randolph and "the Great Migration".

Do Thi Nguyen Background to 1950: . Highlight the significance of Du Bois’s editorship of the ‘Crisis’ and of Marcus Garvey. 2. Assess the historical contribution of A. Phillip Randolph. 3. Explain “the Great Migration”. 4. Write a mini account of “African American in 1945”. . In 1905, Du Bois was a founder and general secretary of the Niagara movement, an African American protest group of scholars and professionals. Du Bois founded and edited the ‘Moon’ (1906) and the ‘Horizon’ (1907-1910) as organs for the Niagara movement. In 1909 Du Bois was among the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and from 1910 to 1934 served it as director of publicity and research, a member of the board of directors, and editor of the ‘Crisis’, its monthly magazine. In the ‘Crisis’, Du Bois directed a constant stream of agitation--often bitter and sarcastic--at white Americans while serving as a source of information and pride to African Americans. The magazine always published young African American writers. Racial protest during the decade following World War I focused on securing anti-lynching legislation. During this period the NAACP was the leading protest organization and Du Bois its leading figure. In 1934 Du Bois resigned from the NAACP board and from the Crisis because of his new advocacy of an African

  • Word count: 2384
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: History
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Civil Rights Why did the desegregation of schools become a major problem in the 1950's?

History Civil rights coursework: Why did the desegregation of schools become a major problem in the 1950's? Millions of black people were forced onto ships from their homeland in Africa to the North of America were they laboured as slaves on plantations in the southern states of America (were 95% of the black population lived), for near to nothing. To reduce the attempts of black people rebelling against their new 'life style', slave codes were introduced, which were only applied to them. These laws were continued and emphasised though laws such as the 'Jim Crow' law which prevented black people from voting, serving in juries and also being in the same space as white people. For example homes, public spaces water fountains and transportation. The appliance of these 'rules' to blacks were seen as 'fixed determination' to destroy every vestige of there self-respect. Further down the line around 1900's schools also became segregated, this is when southern states saw the like's of Booker T. Washington. Washington was born a slave and decided to take charge of a small black school in Tuskegee, Alabama. Even though born a slave he believed that black people should only attend school to enhance and accept their inferior economically and social status. However, William Du Bois went against Booker T and became the first Afro American to obtain a PhD degree in the whole of the U.S.

  • Word count: 1069
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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The Civil Rights Movement.

The Civil Rights Movement. The civil rights movement really began to take off in the 1950's. It began over the issue of education. Black people were forced to go to schools that were inferior and had very little facilities. This proved that "separate but equal" was wrong and not working. The first case that helped bring about a change in the law was: LINDA BROWN VS THE TOPICA BOARD OF EDUCATION-CANSAS. Linda Browns father took the board of education to court so that his daughter could go to a white school. He won the case because in 1954 the Supreme Court stated separate but equal was wrong. Unfortunately for Linda the states, for the first year, ignored the decision and she was forced to attend a black only school. Black people were still forced to attend poorer schools and colleges. They still didn't have the right to vote and the Jim Crow Laws were still in action, despite the ruling of the Supreme Court. In 1957 Elizabeth Eckford tried to attend Central High School, a white only school in Little Rock. As she arrived she was met with white protesters refusing to let her join the white school. The Southern State Government tried to force intrigration but did so slowly. Slowly more back children joined the school. There were still many protesters very unhappy with the integration, so the Federal Government sent in the army for one year to protect the children. This shows

  • Word count: 1092
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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Civil Rights Sources Questions

HISTORY GCSE COURSEWORK a. In source 2 the type of discrimination shown is segregation. The blacks have to use separate drinking water fountains in the south. b. Source 1 supports what is happening in source 2 because they both refer to segregation and they both refer to separate drinking fountains. 2. Source 1 shows that black children would be born in Jim Crow hospitals and would live in a ghetto. When blacks went to school they would be segregated and only blacks went there. When blacks wanted a job they would have to settle for menial work and not to expect promotion because a white employee would get it before you. When they were eating they would have to sit in a separate place and drink from a separate water fountain labelled coloured. Most blacks weren't allowed to vote either. Source 3 shows us segregated taxis in Atlanta where there were white drivers for white passengers and blacks drivers for black passengers. In Virginia there were separate facilities in airports. In 1933 there was no inter-racial boxing or wrestling allowed. An Arkansas law of 1937 required segregation in racetracks and gaming establishments. Source 4 tells us that blacks could be killed for not showing respect or obeying laws (e.g. Emmett Till). Source 5 tells us that a black kitchen maid was killed for spilling orange juice on a young white male. The young man killed her and he only received

  • Word count: 1769
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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Black civil rights

History GCSE Coursework American Civil rights Black African Americans have been treated inadequately by the opposite race (white people) for centuries from when the slave trade was in full force to the contemporary day with gang violence and racism in all fifty states of the USA. I am going investigate the reasons why black Americans argued for their civil rights and what successes were brought about by this fighting in the 1950s and 1960s. Some evidence of racism to Black people in the USA was written in a black journalist's book quoted from 'American Dreams lost and found'. It shows no respect, and gives a sense of inferiority, illustrating white attitudes to blacks in the early to mid 20th century. It draws a powerful image of blacks being fit for menial jobs and be deficient in the ability to do professional jobs. One problem leading to Blacks fighting for their Civil Rights was the unjust Jim Crow rules in the Southern states. The white people who lived in the South wanted to maintain a two tier society. In 1880 they introduced legal segregation of races. This was a concept of Blacks being separate from Whites but the two societies being equal. There would be separate facilities for blacks and whites from hotels to schools. Inter race marriage was made illegal by these laws. This was all to keep a defined two tier society. An additional reason why Blacks

  • Word count: 2859
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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