This essay will look at different types of human tissues and will describe brief characteristics of four main types of tissue
Human tissues This essay will look at different types of human tissues and will describe brief characteristics of four main types of tissue (figure 1.1). Furthermore it will investigate two different types of tissues 1 and 2 from the diagrams in more depth and will look at where each tissue is found in the body. Also it will discuss their roles and relate the structure of each tissue to its function. McGuiness (2002) defines tissue as a group of cells that act together to perform a specific function. However, Hall (2005) state that tissue is a group of similar cells that form the main fabric of human body. From this can be noted that some tissues are soft, like the inner layers of the skin, others are hard, such as bone and fingernails. Different tissues combine to form more complex structures called organs. An organ usually has a specific function in the organism, for example, to detect light, to absorb food or to produce a hormone (Boyle and Senior, 2008). There are four basic or primary types of tissues (Figure 1.1). These are epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue and nervous tissue (Layman 2003). All four types of tissue have special purposes, and therefore have varying different rates of cellular regeneration .For example bone tissue and adipose connective tissue are highly vascular and therefore heal quickly, unlike cartilage tissue is almost the
understanding cell structure / tissue types and functions
Understanding the basic structure of a cell Cells Structure All cells have organelles; these are the specialised structures within a cell that help it to perform the specific functions. Organelle Structure / Function Cell Membrane The cell membrane keeps the cell together by containing the organelles within it. Cell membranes are selectively-permeable, allowing materials to move both into and outside of the cell. Centrosomes also known as the MTOC is where the microtubules are produced During cell division the centrioles replicate and the centrosome divides. The result is two centrosomes, each with its own pair of centrioles. The two centrosomes move to opposite ends of the nucleus, and from each centrosome, microtubules grow into a "spindle" which is responsible for separating replicated chromosomes into the two daughter cells. Centriole A ring of nine groups of microtubules, each group has three microtubules (centriole), and is part of the cytoskeleton Cytoplasm Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that is sometimes described as "the cell-matrix". It holds the organelles in place within the cell. It is where the entire cell metabolism occurs. The cytosol is made up of mostly water it is full of proteins that control the cell metabolism including signal transduction pathways, glycolysis, intercellular receptors Golgi apparatus Normally connected to the ER, it
Anatomy for health and social care - types of tissue
Unit 5: Anatomy and physiology for health and social care Level 3 Extended Diploma in Health and Social Care Catherine Mclintock - September 2012 – Shelley Everett ________________ Assignment Brief In this assignment, I will be in a scenario placement, where my supervisor has asked me to teach the new staff some anatomy and physiology. Within the assignment, I will be looking at annotating names and functions on an A3 poster of a human cell, as if it was under an electron microscope, including various numbers of organelles. I’ll then have to complete a written report on outlining the main tissues of the body, exampling where each tissue can be found. TASK ONE (P2) Epithelial Tissue: the functions of epithelial tissue are to: Protect: it protects underlying tissue from motorized injury, damaging substances, bacteria and from unnecessary loss of water. Sensation: specialised epithelial tissue full of sensory nerves, which is found in the skin, eyes, and nose and on the tongue. Secretion: epithelia’s are specialized in glands to produce exact chemical substances such as enzymes, lubricating fluids and hormones. Absorption: some epithelial cells line the small intestine, absorbing the nutrients from food we digest. Excretion: tissues in the kidney exonerate the waste in the body (excreting) and then absorb needed matter through urine. Diffusion: they
Types of tissue and their functions in the human body
Epithelial tissue Simple squamous: Simple squamous epithelial cells are thin and flat (the thinnest of all epithelial cell-types), which allows them to have a large surface area that is exposed to the lumen on one side (the apical surface), and to the basement membrane on the other basolateral surface. The cells, scale-like in appearance, tend to have larger, elliptically-shaped nuclei. As a simple type of epithelium, simple squamous epithelium is one cell-layer thick, and thus every cell of the tissue comes in direct contact with the basement membrane. As with other types of epithelia, simple squamous epithelial cells are bound together by tight junctions, forming a selective barrier, which is crucial to its function. Simple squamous epithelial cells function as mediators of filtration and diffusion. Due to their simple and thin construct, they allow for easy transmembrane movement such as across the membrane, and through the cell of small molecules. Some molecules, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse freely across the simple squamous epithelia according to concentration gradients. Other molecules, such as ions, utilize transmembrane protein channels to diffuse across the cells; therefore, the types of proteins that are present in a given simple squamous epithelial tissue partially determine the function of that tissue. Therefore, the simple squamous epithelia help
Produce a written assignment showing an understanding of the four main tissue types (epithelial, muscle, connective and nervous) and what they do in the heart and the intestine.
Unit 5- Anatomy and physiology Task 1 P2- Outline the structure of the main tissues of the body. Produce a written assignment showing an understanding of the four main tissue types (epithelial, muscle, connective and nervous) and what they do in the heart and the intestine. Tissues are groups of cells with a common structure and function. There are four main tissues in the body - epithelium, muscle, connective tissue and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue- Epithelial tissue covers external surfaces and internal cavities and organs. Glands are also composed of epithelial tissue. It is made up of cells closely packed and ranged in one or more layers; compound epithelia is made up of several layers of cells and Simple epithelia is a single layer of cells. Simple epithelial includes four different types; squamous, cuboidal, ciliated and columnar. Epithelial tissue, regardless of the type, is usually separated from the underlying tissue by a thin sheet of connective tissue; basement membrane. The basement membrane provides structural support for the epithelium and also binds it to neighbouring structures. As a group, epithelial tissues perform a variety of functions, including protection, absorption, excretion, secretion and lubrication. It is surface tissue so capacity for growth and repair is greater than any other tissue. In the Intestines- The apical surface of
The transport system in plants moves water soluble molecules by vascular tissue. There are two types of vascular tissue which are Xylem and Phloem.
Xylem and Phloem The transport system in plants moves water soluble molecules by vascular tissue. There are two types of vascular tissue which are Xylem and Phloem. Both of them are specialised to carry out their role in the plant and they are normally found together in vascular bundles throughout the plant. The xylem tissue transports water and soluble minerals up the plant towards the leaves for photosynthesis whereas the phloem tissue transports the sugars made by the reaction up and down the plant to places where it is needed. Both of the tissues are highly specialised and they have other tissues accompanying them in the vascular bundles to give strength. Most importantly the tissues do not use any energy or transport mechanism to move the water based molecules however the water or water based substance itself has cohesive properties. The cohesive properties of water cause molecules to attract to each other and the surface tension in the vessels keeps it moving up towards the leaves. As the water on the leaves is evaporating or being used in a process it causes water to move up the plant and more water to be taken in by the root's which is also seen as an ongoing cycle. Xylem The xylems are many endless vessels starting from the roots and going to all the area of a plant. The walls of the vessel are made up of dead cells strengthened by lignin forming an endless tube.
The four main types of abuse.
Jordan beldom Four main types of abuse The four main types of abuse are: . Sexual 2. Emotional 3. Physical 4. Neglect Sexual abuse is where an innocent person is involuntarily touched or abused in a sexual way, it is only abuse if that person in not wanting to participate or has no clue as to what is going on and is convinced to do something they may not like. When someone is sexually abuses they are always harmed as this is always scaring for the individual. They may not be physically hurt but mentally they are. The sexual abuse can be done by many people, it can be done by someone in your family or by someone you may not even know or a person you may have thought was your friend, it could also be your partner or a previous partner. The act can consist of fondling, digital or penile penetration, genital contact, oral sex, and indecent exposure. Involving children in prostitution or pornography would also be considered as child sexual abuse. Incidents involving incest, or sexual behaviour among family members is also considered sexual abuse. Emotional abuse is where a child may feel unloved and unwanted by people. It can include things like belittleling, insulting, threatening, isolating, exploiting and ignoring. Emotional abuse can consist of either a pattern of such abuse of extreme examples in isolation. Children who may be emotionally abused may seem to be
There are four main types of ownerships
Ownerships There are four main types of ownerships. the four main types of ownerships are known as: sole trader, partnership and limited liability companies which are also private limited companies (LTD) and public limited companies (PLC). In the U.K there are half a million private limited companies and hundreds of limited companies. A private limited company is different from a public limited company E.G: * Private limited companies do not sell shares to the general public, whereas a public limited company does. * A PLC produces a report and set of accounts which are made available for anyone who asks for them. On the other hand, only the basic accounts of private limited companies are available for a fee from companies' house. Limited and Unlimited liability An unlimited liability is the legal obligation of the owner of the business to settle and pay all the debts for the business and the risk of losing their personal possessions. Limited liability means that the business is responsible for debt and the shareholders (owners) only lose what they have invested. Sole Trader A sole trader is the title given to the person that owns the business and these are the advantages and disadvantages of a sole trader: ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES * EASY TO SET UP * EAST TO RUN * TAX ADVANTAGES * TOTAL CONTROL * PROFITS * FLEXIBILITY * UNLIMITED LIABILTY * LACK OF
Types of tissue specimens I. Cytological - smear, scrape, brushing, washing or fine needle aspirate II. Biopsy (Bx
Anatomical Pathology - Lecture 1 * Pathology: a study of disease * Types of tissue specimens I. Cytological - smear, scrape, brushing, washing or fine needle aspirate II. Biopsy (Bx) - piece of tissue, trephine, punch specimen III. Whole organ - amputation or mastectomy, appendectomy IV. Post mortem samples, routine or forensic * Tissue preparation modes i. Routine paraffin blocks ii. Urgent surgical cases - frozen sections iii. Enzyme or lipid studies iv. Immunohitochemistry (antibody) v. Special tissue studies (kidney, bone, brain) vi. Electron microscopy vii. Cytology viii. In situ hybridization (DNA or RNA) * Chemical tissue preservation is used to i. Prevents tissue breakdown: autolysis, putrefaction ii. Increases firmness for handling iii. Retains tissue structure iv. Increase permeability for future chemical processing Chemical tissue preservation works: i. Denatures protein, breaking down autolytic enzymes, unfolding molecules ii. Disrupting internal bonds (H+ & 2S-) increasing permeability & leaving molecules to make new links with fixatives and dyes iii. Precipitating proteins and preventing loss during subsequent chemical processing Important factors of chemical tissue preservation i. pH (hydrogen ion concentration) ii. temperature iii. penetration iv. osmolality (critical for electron microscopy) v. concentraton vi. duration * Types
Identify the blood types of four blood samples from the ABO group by comparison with four samples of which the blood types are known.
HAEMATOLOGY II AIM : to identify the blood types of four blood samples from the ABO group by comparison with four samples of which the blood types are known. INTRODUCTION Numerous blood groups have been identified, for example ABO, Rhesus, Duffy and Lewis amongst others. Within a blood group there are different types depending on which antigen is present on the surface of erythrocytes. Antigen is a shortened name for antibody generator. An antigen is a glycolipid of which within the ABO system there are two types - A and B. A cell displaying the A antigen indicates a person of blood type A. Those with antigen B indicate blood type B. Some contain both antigens giving type AB and some have neither antigen - this would be blood type O. Isoantibodies, also called agglutinins, are contained within the plasma which will react with the antigens if blood types are mixed causing agglutination, clumping of the red cells, and haemolysis (rupture) of red blood cells. In an individual with blood type A anti-B antibodies are present, in blood type B anti-A antibodies are present and O type contains both A and B antibodies. AB types contain neither antibody. Antibodies to a particular blood type will not be present in the plasma of an individual of that blood type but there will in all likelihood be antibodies to antigens not present on the red blood cells. The following
