The Role of the Informal Sector in the National Economy.

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA The Role of the Informal Sector in the National Economy MOZAMBIQUE Submitted by: Augusto Rogério Paulo Ferro Maputo, November 28, 2003 Table of Contents The Role of the Informal Sector in the National Economy 3 Introduction 3 Mozambique Social Economic Situation 4 Main Problems Faced by those in the Informal Sector 6 Conclusion 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 9 The Role of the Informal Sector in the National Economy Introduction In an attempt to respond to the topic this essay will discuss the role of the informal sector in the Mozambican economy. For a better understanding of the topic some important definitions shall be given. For the purpose of this essay, the concept of economy can be defined as the science that deals with production and consumption of goods and services, the circulation of wealth and the redistribution of income. On the other hand, the concept of the informal sector was introduced into international usage in 1972 by the International Labor Organization (ILO) in its Kenya Mission Report. Though there is no consensus on the definition of the informal sector, coupled with the fact that in Mozambique the concept varies with the different periods of history, the following are the common characteristics of this sector as defined by ILO: (a) ease of entry; (b) reliance on indigenous resources; (c) family ownership; (d) small scale

  • Word count: 1936
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Business Studies
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Informal Carers And Their Influence On Children

Transfer-Encoding: chunked Informal Sector Informal carers are people who look after others without the framework of an organisation, professional work and aren’t being paid. There are many people who need social care and support, but cannot afford to buy services from the private sectors, so these people would seek informal care and support from relatives, friends and neighbours. The common services provided are housing, financial assistance and emotional support. The elderly, children and those that have long-term care needs receive informal care. For vulnerable children between 3-5 year old have informal carers that are more likely to be their siblings and grandparents because these people are not trained, employed or paid to provide care, they are known as informal carers. Grandparents Grandmothers and sometimes grandfathers are regularly involved in caring for their grandchildren, which would enable younger women to return to work after maternity leave because children cost a fortune to bring up, especially for low income families. Grandparents can care for their grandchildren by having them stay overnight or for a visit every now and then, giving parents the chance for a much-needed break and a chance to concentrate on their relationship with one another. This would help children emotional and mental state because babysitting can be linked to decreasing the rate

  • Word count: 1769
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Health and Social Care
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Informal vs. formal speech.

. Introduction Informal talk is a linguistic field which has not been thoroughly researched yet. Only a few books exist about this topic. Why do people talk in certain ways and what makes them say certain things in certain situations? It is the talk among friends which is a very special way of conversation. Everybody does it but nobody does it consciously. We feel relaxed and have no feeling of pressure while we are talking. This work will look beyond this picture trying to reveal the differences between formal and informal talk strongly taking the gender specific differences into consideration. An essential factor in friendships is talk which we use to establish our bonds. Friends most often share the same style systems and conversation is not only used to exchange information but to cooperate in certain points. Deborah Tannen1 defines that kind of talk as a way to express closeness to our friends. But before informal talk is looked at more closely, communication will be divided into two categories - formal and informal talk. The main differences of these two groups will be presented in the first point. According to these basic facts the characteristics of informal talk among friends will be shown in point 3 (regarding Deborah Tannen's literature). An empirical analysis of own data will follow in the next point. Here, own facts will be compared to the results of Tannen's

  • Word count: 4694
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Maths
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Private Sector and Public Sector in Childcare

Transfer-Encoding: chunked Private Sector and Public Sector To define a private sector, it’s easy to say that it operates outside the bounds of government control and receives funding only from patients and their insurance policies. This is because a private sector is the piece of the economy that is made up of care businesses, such as private hospitals. Private sector offers alternatives to government-run public health care system. Private sectors are most popular in the UK because people in the UK go to high street pharmacist and nurseries, and self-employed care practitioners, such as child-minders, counsellors and osteopaths. Advantages of private sector is they are owned by private companies and therefore are seen to be cheaper to operate. Private sector have more control in terms of wages and costing of the service. However, there are disadvantages to private sector; if the company does not make money than it might have to back by the taxpayers. A public sector is generally composed of organisations that are owned and operated by the government. This includes national, local, state-run, or community governments, depending on where you live. Privacy legislation usually calls organisations in the public sector a public body or a public authority. Advantages of public sectors is that public control the services and therefore the profit margins are kept low. The

  • Word count: 1258
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Health and Social Care
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Formal and Informal Communication in Health and Social Care

Formal and informal Informal communication Informal communication is used between people who know each other well, for example friends and family. Friends and family may use jargon between one another that others would not understand, therefore wouldn't be suitable to use with other people, such as slang words only used locally, which someone from another part of the country may not understand. Very informal language would be inappropriate to use in many health and social care settings, such as in a doctor's surgery, as this would create communication barriers between yourself and the patient, and you may come across as impolite. For example, it would be acceptable when a patient enters a doctor's office for the doctor to greet them formally, address them as Mr or Mrs, and shake their hand in a respectable tone at a volume that is not too quiet for the patient to hear, but not too loud that you are shouting at them. If, when the patient entered the room, the doctor said "Alright mate how's it going?" It would not be surprising if the patient was taken aback, and offended at the doctor's speech. In addition to the use of informal language possibly being seen as impolite, using slang/jargon with someone from another country, who may not speak English as their first language, could also create language barriers between the two of you. The person may feel uncomfortable as they

  • Word count: 428
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Healthcare
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Motivation in bankin sector

Caucasus University International Students' Scientific Conference Motivation in Banking Sector Archil Lursmanashvili Caucasus University The fourth year Management Bachelor Instructor: Prof. Lili Bibilashvili Tbilisi, May 8 - 11, 2009 Introduction The topic is about motivation and more specifically about employee motivation in Georgian banking sector. The topic is very actual and important. As a rule employee motivation significantly influences the service quality and respectively costumer satisfaction, that directly shows up on the company financial and social success. Almost every bank operating in Georgia, as other service-oriented companies, need improvement of their activities (especially service quality). High quality service is one of the features showing the development of the country, what unfortunately Georgia lacks a lot. For preparing the report questioners and interviews with banking sector employees were planed to be used. But because of the ongoing crisis, management of almost all banks abstained from conducting such surveys. Despite this to obtain a general view interviews with HR department managers and with some employees were held. Also direct observation on employees during the working process was managed. The theoretical part of the work is generally after text-books, virtual libraries and the internet. Brief Overview As a result of the

  • Word count: 3280
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Business and Administrative studies
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There are three different sectors within business. They are: Primary sector, Secondary sector, Tertiary sector.

There are three different sectors within business. They are: * Primary sector * Secondary sector * Tertiary sector Primary Sector The primary sector comprises the getting of raw materials, the growing of food and the catching of fish. Industries in this sector include: mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc. In the primary sector are also included the energy-making utilities like coal, oil and nuclear-fuelled power stations, gas making plants and hydroelectric schemes. Secondary sector This sector refines processes and manufactures and includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase. Tertiary sector In this sector are the business which distribute and retail the manufactured goods; they include transport companies which deliver goods by air, sea or land, wholesalers, breaking bulk from warehouses to retail store, retailing chain stores and multiples, franchised shops, newsagents and supermarkets, etc. Also included in this sector are the service industries which sell commodities like information, training, legal advice and finance cover provided by insurance companies, banking services, on-line database providers, office cleaning companies and telephone companies etc. Many businesses

  • Word count: 725
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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public sector

Task 1 The development And Structure of the Public sector By Vicky Herbert 30/1/07 Introduction The aim of this report is to discuss the development and structure of the government in this report I have discussed how we have certain public services and how they were developed, I have also discussed the beverage report, and Thatcherism, the structure of the government has also been included I have gone on to say about the expenditure of the government and the staffing levels. The development of the public sector The British government over the years has seen several dramatic changes, the way our government is run and the way we live, public services today have dramatically changed, after studying the time line I have listed events that explain our public service. Robert peel It wasn't until 1829 did we see the introduction of the metropolitan police before this time the policing was not organised and was a matter for public concern. Robert Peel became Home Secretary in 1822, As Home Secretary he first tackled the organisation of London's weak police-force (known as Bow Street Runners). These men were also know as the thief-takers, and helped with the duties of night watchmen who were made up of old men and were of no deterrence to aggressive criminals. Peel put his new force of young men into a dark uniform, and they soon became known as 'Peelers' or

  • Word count: 3882
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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Employee Relations and Trade Union Recognition Within The Catering Sector.

HRM 3005 Employee Relations Assignment Two - Employee Relations and Trade Union Recognition Within The Catering Sector Name: Claire Duff Student Number: Year: 4 Course: BA Business Studies Marking Tutors: Billie Osbourne and Dorothy Foote Introduction For The Attention Of The Human Resources Director The hotel and catering industry represents around 10% of the working population of this country. Two and half million in total. Conversely it is seen as a principle industry in many other countries. Within the UK, historic sites and counties which depend heavily on tourism, such as Cornwall and Devon, also rely heavily on this sector of industry to provide the services required. Without this added aid popular hotels would cease to function properly and other groups within the business world would suffer a knock on effect from lack of trade. So although the hotel and catering industry is a specific thing many other issues depend upon its success. With this in mind I am going to investigate the pros and cons and implications of instigating a potential claim for recognition of a trade union both now and in the future. This report has been completed after I have research and read copious papers on the subject. Terms and Conditions There are many reasons why the terms and conditions remain so poor within the catering and hotel industry. The main factor for any employee is

  • Word count: 2882
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Politics
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Informal report on Work Related stress.

Informal report on Work Related stress To: Rina Patel From: Manisha Vara Date: 22nd October 02 Introduction A investigation indicates that at Terra Firma claims Department, there was a memo sent from the manager about the worrying causes of low moral in the work place, this report will show what the main causes of low moral my be and after doing research on three articles what the main causes of stress are and the different types of stress. ) Women and stress This article stated that women are more prone to stress than men. This should be seen as a big issue to terra firma due to the fact that 68% of there employees are women. This article also linked to stress to a person's occupation, office job score highly on stress rating. This could be because offices are not organised or maintained in the correct order. Heavy work loads can also be linked to stress, this is because workers are used to doing the routine job of paperwork This article makes a important point that employees need to feel valued and a credit to he organisation, if this is not given stress levels may rise due to the fact that they are not being recognised for there hard work and there contribution to the workplace. 2) Health hazards-looking at stress This article looked at the History of stress and how it can affect an individuals health, stress according to the article is seen as healthy and

  • Word count: 754
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Business and Administrative studies
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